Animal Health

Abierixin is a polyether antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces albus NRRL B-1865. Abierixin exhibited weak antimicrobial and ionophorous activities, low toxicity but good anticoccidial activity.

Milbemycin A3 is a macrolide antibiotic produced by Str. hygroscopicus subsp. aureolacrimosus. It has insecticidal effects on agricultural harmful insects, pans, larvae, etc.

It is produced by the strain of Str. lasaliensis. It has anti-gram-positive bacteria, protozoa and mycobacterium activity. It is added to feed to prevent coccidiosis in chickens.

Tylosin is a 16-member-ring macrolide produced through the fermentation of Streptomyces fradiae, a species of actinobacteria found in soil. It is effective against gram-positive bacteria, Mycoplasma species and certain gram-negative bacteria. With other macrolides, tylosin inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome and disrupting aminoacyl-and peptidyl-tRNA transcription. This is believed to ultimately prevent the bacteria from reproducing.

Nemadectin, the dominant member of a class of milbemycins, shows pronounced nematocidal and insecticidal activity.

Bambermycin (flavomycin) is a complex of antibiotics obtained from Streptomyces bambergiensis and Streptomyces ghanaensis used as a food additive for beef cattle, dairy cattle, poultry and swine. The complex consists mainly of moenomycins A and C.

Dihydrostreptomycin sesquisulfate is a semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic. Dihydrostreptomycin sesquisulfate is a derivative of Streptomycin used to treat bacterial diseases in cattle, pigs and sheep.

Apicidin is a cyclic peptide antibiotic with broad-spectrum antiproliferative, antiparasitic and antiprotozoan activity. It is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with anti-angiogenesis and apoptosis-inducing effects.

It is a polyether antibiotic produced by Str. aureo faciens NRRL 5758. It has broad spectrum activity against gram-positive bacteria, anaerobic bacteria and mycoplasma. It also has antiviral and limited antifungal activity.

Ivermectin is a glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCls) activator, which is used as an antiparasitic drug for the treatment of certain parasitic roundworm infections. Ivermectin inhibits the chloride channels of helminthic parasites and has been shown to have clinical efficacy for the treatment of onchocerciasis, strongyloidiasis, and ectoparasitic infection. Ivermectin is a mixture of mostly Ivermectin B1a (>80%) with some Ivermectin B1b (<20%), which are macrolides from Streptomyces avermitilis.

Fipronil is a broad-spectrum insecticide that disrupts the insect central nervous system by blocking GABA-gated chloride channels and glutamate-gated chloride channels, resulting in central nervous system toxicity. Fipronil can be used to kill parasites such as fleas and lice on cats and dogs.

Avilamycin is an antimicrobial agent that is active mainly against Gram-positive bacteria and is used against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus.

PF1022A, an anthelmintic cyclodepsipeptide isolated from cultured mycelia of Mycelia Sterilia, has very good anthelmintic activity against Heligmosomoides polygyrus and Heterakis spumosa at 50 mg/kg. It has potent repellant activity against Ascaridiagalli in chicken. In vitro, it has activity against Trichinella spiralis and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis.

Lufenuron is a benzoylurea pesticide which inhibits the production of chitin in larval fleas.

Emodepside, also known as PF 1022-221, a semisynthetic derivative of PF1022A, is efficacious against a variety of gastrointestinal nematodes and used as an anthelmintic drug with broad-spectrum anthelmintic activity. Emodepside is an octapeptide drug that has been approved for use in cats.

Moxidectin is an anthelmintic drug which kills parasitic worms (helminths), and is used for the prevention and control of heartworm and intestinal worms. Moxidectin can be used to prevent heartworm infection in dogs. Moxidectin is a semisynthetic derivative of nemadectin which is produced by fermentation by Streptomyces cyano-griseus.

Milbemycin oxime is a semi-synthetic macrolide. As a nematocide and insecticide in veterinary medicine, it opens glutamate sensitive chloride channels in neurons of invertebrates that leads to paralysis by hyperpolarisation of these cells and signal transfer blocking. M1-family aminopeptidase: IC50 = 2.6 µM (Plasmodium falciparum 3D7); Bile acid transporter: IC50 = 3.6 µM (human); TGR5: IC50 = 36.4 µM (human); HCT-116: IC50 >50 µM (human); GBM: IC50 >50 µM (human)

Doramectin is a derivative of ivermectin, which is an anthelmintic. Doramectin is an antiparasitic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces.

Nitenpyram, a natural product found in Streptomyces canus, is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AchR) agonist used in veterinary medicine to treat parasites of livestock and pets.

Seramectin is a semi-synthetic abamectin derivative. Seramectin is an effective nematicide for the treatment of endoparasites and ectoparasites in domestic animals (especially cats and dogs). It can selectively bind to the chloride channel gated by the parasite's glutamate and disrupt neurotransmission, leading to paralysis and parasite death.