Antibiotics

A family of depsipeptide ionophores, produced by several fusarium species. It has antibiotic properties. Enniatin A1 is one of four major analogues in the enniatin complex. Enniatin A1 has been found to induce apoptosis in cancer cells, decrease the activation of the cell proliferation kinase, ERK (p44/p42) and inhibit TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation.

A close structural analogue of lydicamycin produced by the marine actinomycete Streptomyces platensis. It has antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). It is closely related to BU-4514N which is isolated from a strain of microtetraspora as a neuritogenic agent.

Quinupristin-dalfopristin complex is a 70:30 (w/w) complex of two semi-synthetic Streptomycin antibiotic. It is a highly effective antibiotic with activity against resistant strains.

Colistin sulfate is a polypeptide antibiotic containing greater than 30 components, with colistin A and colistin B as the major components. It inhibits gram-negative bacteria by binding to lipopolysaccharides and phospholipids in the outer cell membrane of gram-negative bacteria. Colistin was originally isolated from B. polymyxa.

It is a long-acting, broad-spectrum antibiotic that is in the β-lactam subclass known as carbapenems. It inhibits the synthesis of bacterial cell walls by attaching to penicillin-binding proteins. It has activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Sodium Monensin, isolated from Streptomyces cinnamonensis, is a well-known representative of naturally polyether ionophore antibiotics. It is widely used in ruminant animal feeds.

Chlortetracycline hydrochloride is the first identified tetracycline antibiotic. It is produced by the strain of Streptomyces. It can be used for the treatment of bacterial diseases such as chicken mycoplasma synovialis, ornithobacter rhinotrachealis, Escherichia coli, and Clostridium weischii.

Nitrofurantoin is a nitrofuran antibiotic that is used as a substrate of bacterial nitrofuran reductase to study the interactions of active metabolites with DNA, ribosomal proteins and metabolic and pro-oxidant processes. It is used to treat urinary tract infections. It is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Norfloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which functions by inhibiting DNA gyrase. It is a synthetic chemotherapeutic antibacterial agent occasionally used to treat common as well as complicated urinary tract infections. It is approved for use in children older than one year of age. However, it is associated with a number of rare serious adverse reactions as well as spontaneous tendon ruptures and irreversible peripheral neuropathy.

Maduramcin ammonium is prepared from maduramicin by taking advantage of the acidic carboxylic acid which ionises and readily forms the salt in ammonium hydroxide solutions. The ammonium salt is the preferred formulation in animals to prevent coccidiosis. It is a polyether antibiotic chemically related to the Lonomycins.

It is an anti-bacterial drug and a non-competitive inhibitor. It is a semi-synthetic, fourth generation cephalosporin antibiotic.

The hydrate form of Levofloxacin, an Ofloxacin derivative, could be commonly used as an antibacterial agent through influencing DNA replication. It is an antibiotic with activity against gram-negative bacteria.

Tiamulin Fumarate is a derivative of Pleuromutilin, which acts as an antibacterial. It is an antibiotic with activity against a variety of mycoplasma and gram-positive bacteria.

Cefmetazole sodium, containing N-methyl thiotetrazole side chains, is a semi-synthetic, second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with broad spectrum activity.

A fluoroquinolone antibiotic commonly used in veterinary medicine. It is an inhibitor of Topo II.

The dihydrochloride pentahydrate salt form of Spectinomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces spectabilis, has been found to be effective against gram-negative bacteria.

The Calcium Salt of Ionomycin, a kind of polyether antibiotic, is a selective calcium ionophore obtained from Streptomyces conglobatus by solvent extraction. It is more effective than A23187 as a calcium ionophore. It is used to study the transport of calcium ions on biological membranes. It can induce apoptotic degeneration of embryonic cortical neurons.

Aklavinone is an anthracycline drug with an antitumor effect.

BE-43472B is a bisanthraquinone antibiotic isolated from a streptomycete strain. It has antibacterial activity against MSSA, MRSA, TRSA and VRE.

Desferritriacetylfusigen is an antibiotic derived from Aspergillus. It has activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.