Antibiotics

Azidamfenicol is a semi-synthetic chloramphenicol in which the nitro moiety is replaced with a methylsulphone and the dichloroacetamide is replaced with azidoacetamide. It is a broad spectrum antibiotic with good activity against gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria. Azidamfenicol acts by binding to the 23S sub-unit of the 50S ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis. Azidamfenicol has received little research attention with only a few literature citations.

Ramoplanin complex is a complex of three high molecular weight glycolipopeptide peptides, the chain length and the shape of the diketene lipid side chain are different. It inhibits cell wall biosynthesis through a mechanism different from vancomycin-related glycopeptide.

Penicillin G is a β-lactam antibiotic produced by penicillin.

Pefloxacin Mesylate Dihydrate is the third generation of fluoroquinolone class of antibacterials, which inhibits Topoisomerase II activity and DNA replication.

Kanamycin acid sulfate is an aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by Streptomyces.

Kirromycin is an antibiotic originally isolated from Streptomyces. It was shown to inhibit protein biosynthesis via acting on elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu).

An investigational antibiotic effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which is a non-peptide small molecule modeled after host defense peptides (HDPs). It is currently under clinical trials for the treatment of head and neck neoplasms as well as mucositis.

Reveromycin B is a polyketide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces, which can inhibit mitotic activity.

Reveromycin C is a polyketide isolated from Streptomyces. It is an antibiotic inhibitor with mitotic activity that responds to EGF.

It is a diketopiperazine antibiotic produced by the strain of Gliocladium virens. It has anti-pythum ultimum activity.

It is a polyether antibiotic produced by the strain of Streptomyces griseus. It has anti-bacterial, filamentous and yeast fungal activities (0.1-200 μg/mL), can prevent the infection of spores of legume crops (0.01% solution), has plant toxicity (0.02% solution), and can kill potato beetles, aphids and mites (0.05%-0.1% solution) and inhibits HeLa cells.

Meleagrin is an alkaloid antibiotic isolated from a number of species of penicillium with antitumor, anti-proliferative and antibacterial activity. It inhibits the growth of S. aureus, E. coli and S. pneumoniae. Meleagrin is a class of FabI inhibitor, and a lead c-Met inhibitory entity useful for the control of c-Met-dependent metastatic and invasive breast malignancies.

It is a symmetrical, cyclic decapeptide from an amycolatopsis sp. This is a bis-intercalator of DNA. It exhibits strong in vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity. It significantly prolongs the survival time of mice inoculated with a murine tumour, and also shows weak nematocidal activity. It is related to the luzopeptins and sandramycin.

It is a cyclic tetrapeptide antibiotic containing a single β-amino acid, which was isolated from diheterospora chlamydosporia in 1992. It is less widely characterised than the related chlamydocin. It exhibits potent antitumor activity and acts by inhibiting histone deacetylase.

It is a peptide antibiotic produced by several species of actinoplanes. It has the activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It inhibits the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan.

Anhydrochlortetracycline is a degradation product of chlorotetracycline formed by acid-catalysed isomerisation of the dimethylamino group at C4. It strongly inhibits the growth of Streptomyces aureofaciem, and shows a rather specific activity against actinomycetes.

A 54556A is an unusual depsipeptide antibiotic produced by the strain of streptomyces hawaiiensis. It can inhibit the growth of 786-O, 769-P and ACHN renal carcinoma cells in MTT assay. A 54556A may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for treatment of renal carcinoma. It has potent activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including MRSA.

It is an anthraquinone antibiotic produced by the strain of streptomyces sp. It has broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against both sensitive and resistant strains, including many anaerobic bacteria. It also has the activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

Aspartocin D is a minor analogue of the amphomycin complex, a family of lipopeptide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces canus. Aspartocin D has the activity against Gram-positive bacteria with MIC of 0.125 μg/ml for B. subtilis and is presumed to act by inhibiting bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis, however its bioprofile and potential utility has not been extensively investigated. The antibacterial activity is calcium-dependent, with MICs ranging from 0.06-4 and 0.25-8 μg/ml for B. subtilis and S. aureus, respectively, in the presence of higher (2.5 mM) to lower (0.125 mM) calcium concentrations.

It is a polar metabolite first isolated from streptomyces sapporonensi with activity against gram-negative bacteria. It is a veterinary antibiotic.