Antibiotics

Pristinamycin IIB is an ester peptide antibiotic produced by Str. pristinaespiralis 5647 (NRRL 2958). Activity against gram-positive bacteria.

It is an antibiotic produced by Serratia marcescens HY-3 and Ser. marinorubra. It has a broad biological profile with activity against fungi, tumour cell lines and malaria. It also acts as an inducer of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression via transforming growth factor-β receptor pathway, and activates NAG-1 via glycogen synthase kinase-3β.

Pyoluteorin is an antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa T359 and IFO3455. It has activity against Gram-positive and negative bacteria, mycobacteria and fungi.

Pyrazomycin is an antibiotic produced by Str. candidus NRRL 3601. In the culture of monolayer cells, the minimum inhibitory concentration of vaccinia virus is 2 μg/mL, which can also inhibit measles and herpes simplex. In mice, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, oral and skin application can reduce the pathological changes of vaccinia. Pyrazomycin is a competitive inhibitor of pyrimidine nucleoside metabolism.

Pyridomycin is an ester peptide antibiotic produced by Str. pyridomyceticus. It has strong anti-mycobacterial activity and weak anti-gram-negative bacteria activity.

Nebularine is originally isolated from Agaricus nebularis. Shown to have inhibitory effects against mouse Sarcoma 180 and mycobacteria.

A rare and unusual ring-extended member of the antimycin class; produced by a streptomyces species unrelated to antimycin-producing strains; a selective GRP78 molecular chaperone down-regulator highlights the potential of this class as research probes.

Neoaureothin is a metabolite produced by Streptomyces. It acts as an androgen receptor (AR) antagonist that inhibits binding of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to ARs and inhibits DHT-induced expression of prostate-specific antigen in LNCaP cells (IC50 = 1.75 nM).

Neamine, also known as Neomycin A, is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from the neomycin complex produced by the actinomycete S. fradiae. It is a degradation product of neomycin and has potent antibacterial, antitumor, and neuroprotective activities. Neamine is an anti-angiogenesis agent that targets angiogenin and has been shown to inhibit ANG-mediated AsPC-1 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. In vivo, Neamine has demonstrated anti-tumor effects on AsPC-1 xenograft models, reducing the expression levels of ANG, Ki-67, and CD31 in tumor xenografts.

(−)-Neplanocin A potently and irreversibly inactivates SAH hydrolase (Ki = 8.39 nM). It has antitumor activity against mouse leukemia L1210 cells and broad-spectrum antiviral activity. Neplanocin A is more potent against vesicular stomatitis than the reversible SAH hydrolase inhibitor 3-deazaneplanocin (ID50 = 0.07 and 0.3 μg/ml, respectively).

Netropsin is isolated from Streptomyces netropsis as a basic polypeptide. It can specific bind to A-T areas of DNA that is very useful to genetic research. Netropsin can disrupt the cell cycle, prolonging G and arresting in G. Netropsin has antibiotic and antiviral activity. It has been shown that Netropsin is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

It is produced by the strain of Str. rimosus NRRL 3016. Neutramycin is resistant to gram-positive bacteria.

Nidulal is originally isolated from Nidula candida 87220. Nidulal induces differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cells. In COS-7 cells it selectively activates AP-1 dependent signal transduction in a manner which is similar to TPA/PMA.

A depsidone produced by several fungal species; has potent and selective antibacterial activity; has potential as an anti-inflammatory agent.

Nigericin, derived from S. hygroscopicus, is an antibiotic potassium ionophore. It exchanges K+ for H+ across biological membranes. Nigericin can be a NLRP3 activator that induces the release of IL-1β as a NALP3-dependent manner. Nigericin triggers eryptosis, an effect paralleled by ROS formation, and in part due to induction of oxidative stress. Nigericin triggers apoptosis.

Nocardamine, derived from Nocardia sp., has anti-mycobacterium activity.

Nocardicin A is originally isolated from Nocardia uniformis subsp. tsugamanensis. Nocardicin A has antibacterial action, but it only has strong antibacterial activity against Octococcus, Proteus and Shigella soontii.

The smallest member of the macrotetrolide complex produced by a range of streptomyces species; a monovalent cation ionophore with high selectivity for ammonium and potassium. It is resistant to gram-positive bacteria, mycobacteria and fungi, and it also inhibits L cells.

A member of the macrotetrolide complex produced by a range of streptomyces species; a monovalent cation ionophore with high selectivity for ammonium and potassium; inhibits T-cell proliferation induced by IL-2 and cytokine production at nanomolar levels for IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 and IFN-γ. It is also resistant to gram-positive bacteria and mycobacteria.

A member of the macrotetrolide complex produced by a range of streptomyces species; a monovalent cation ionophore with high selectivity for ammonium and potassium; inhibits T-cell proliferation induced by IL-2 and cytokine production at nanomolar levels for IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 and interferon-γ. It is also resistant to gram-positive bacteria and mycobacteria.