Bioactive by-products

Praziquantel, marketed as Biltricide, is an anthelmintic used in humans and animals for the treatment of tapeworms and flukes. Specifically, it is effective against schistosoma, Clonorchis sinensis the fish tapeworm Diphyllobothrium latum.

An unusual diketopiperazine isolated from aspergillus ochraceus. It exhibits insecticidal activity against the lepidopteran crop pest, helicoverpa zea. It is used as a secondary metabolite standard for polyphasic taxonomy in aspergillus.

A diketopiperazine-related metabolite produced by penicillium brevicompactum and aspergillus species. It has obvious plant growth regulation activity, but is devoid of antifungal or antimicrobial activity. It is active against Plasmodium falciparum.

A pyran-2-one metabolite produced by pencillium cryptomeriaecola. It is a gibberellin synergist and plant growth stimulator. It has the activity of inhibiting the growth of C. albicans, C. neoformans, T. rubrum, and A. fumigatus. It is cytotoxic to HL-60, MKN45, LoVo, and A549 cells.

Fumiquinazoline D is a fungal metabolite originally isolated from Aspergillus fumigatus. It has activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as F. solani and C. albicans fungi. It's a cytotoxin agent.

Globosuxanthone A is a fungal metabolite isolated from C. globosum which is a well-known mesophilic member of the mold family Chaetomiaceae. Globosuxanthone A is cytotoxic to various human solid tumor cell lines, including MCF-7, PC3, LNCap and DU145 cells.

Gliorosein is a fungal metabolite produced by Gliocladium which is an asexual fungal genus in the Hypocreaceae. Gliorosein displays antibacterial activity against B. allii, B. subtilis and E. coli.

An impurity found in the macrolide antibiotic, Clarithromycin. It exhibits antibacterial properties.

Zinc pyrithione is an antifungal and antibacterial agent disrupting membrane transport by blocking the proton pump.

It has a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, a rapid bactericidal effect on Gram-positive pathogens and a fungicide effect on yeast, and is used as an oropharyngeal preservative.

A cyclic, 12 amino acid antimicrobial peptide (AMP) with antibacterial activity against gram-negative and some gram-positive bacteria.

Sclerotigenin is a natural benzodiazepine originally isolated from Penicillium sclerotigenum that acts as an insect growth regulator and has an anti-insectan activity against the caterpillar, Helicoverpa zea.

Tuliposide A is a sugar ester derived from the common tulip, consisting of D-GLC and 4-hydroxy-2-methylenebutanoyl. Tuliposide A has antibacterial activity.

Protocetraric acid has strong antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer effects.

Divaricatic acid, a secondary metabolite produced by lichens of the genus Ramalina, has molluscicidal and antiparasitic activities.

Heliantriol B2 is a natural compound which can be isolated from Chuquiraga erinacea and Monteverdia apurimacensis, etc.

Prasinic acid shows moderate antitumor activity in different lines of cancer cells.

Ansamitocin PDM-3 is an ansamycin antibiotic isolated from Actinosynnema pretiosum, and exhibits antitumor activity.

Enfumafungin is a triterpene glycoside and hemiacetal isolated from a fermentation of Hormonema sp. Enfumafungin is an antifungal agent that acts on fungal cell walls as an inhibitor of (1,3)-beta-D-glucan synthase. It is specific for yeast and fungi (excluding Cryptococcus) and does not inhibit the growth of Bacillus subtilis.