Bioactive by-products

An antimicrobial peptide (AMP) isolated from a marine strain of bacillus subtilis. It is a linear lipopeptide composed of 7 peptides. It has shown initial bioactivity against pathogenic fungi, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and cancer cell lines.

It is a thiourea derivative synthesized from 1,3-thiazole. It has activity against HIV-1 and CVB-5 virus.

DMAPT, an analogue of parthenolide, has been found to be effective in restraining the proliferation and metastasis of sorts of tumor cells through targeting NF-κB. DMAPT has been reported as an antiviral, anti-HIV and anti-Hepatitis C virus agent.

Aflavarin is a metabolite of the Sclerotia of Aspergillus flavus displaying anti-insectan activity against the fungivorous beetle Carpopbilus bemipterus.

Phomaligol A is an antibacterial metabolite produced from marine-derived fungus Aspergillus flavus.

Vibralactone B is an antibacterial compound produced from liquid fermentations of Stereum hirsutum that inhibits the growth of E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Cyclo(D-Leu-L-Pro) is a cyclodipeptide found in Phellinus igniarius. It exhibits antitumor and antifungal effects.

Asperlactone is a biologically active polyketide metabolite produced mainly from Aspergillus westerdijkiae. Asperlactone is a nematicidal, an insecticidal, an antibacterial and an antifungal agent.

Cyclo(L-Leu-L-Trp) is a diketopiperazine metabolite originally isolated from Penicillium. It is active against various bacteria and fungi, and it also inhibits the production rate of hydroxy radicals in an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy-based assay (IC50 = 1.8 µM).

4-Hydroxyalternariol 9-methyl ether is produced from fermentation of Alternaria sp. Samif01. It displays promising antioxidant effect. It shows antibacterial activity against several tested bacterial pathogens with minimum inhibitory concentration values in the range of 86.7-364.7 uM.

Altechromone A is produced from Alternaria brassicicola ML-P08. Altechromone A shows antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Candida albicans with the MICs of 3.9, 3.9, 1.8, and 3.9 ug/ml, respectively.

Neogrifolin is a natural compound isolated from the edible bodies of the mushroom Albatrellus confluens, and it shows antimicrobial activities against Bacillus cereus and Enterococcus faecalis.

Isoaltenuene is isolated from the solid cultures of the fungus Colletotrichum sp, and it shows antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria and exhibits cytotoxic activity against sevral cancer cells.

Petromurin C is a metabolite isolated as a component of bis-indolyl benzenoid complex from Aspergillus muricatus. It exhibits antitumor activity.

Asterriquinol D dimethylether is a fungal metabolite first isolated from Aspergillus terreus as part of the asterriquinone complex. It is cytotoxic to NS-1 mouse myeloma cells with IC50 of 28 μg/ml. It has weak activity against tumor cells and the parasitic protozoan, Tritrichomonas foetus.

Hirsutide is a cyclotetrapeptide produced by a spider-derived entomopathogenic fungus Hirsutella, which exhibits potent antibacterial and antifungal activities.

Phanerosporic acid is a fungal secondary metabolite isolated from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. It has antibacterial and antifungal activities.

A biocide with a broad spectrum of activity against fungi and gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

11-O-Methylpseurotin A is a fungal metabolite originally isolated from Sporothrix sp. It decreases survival of hof1δ mutant strains of S. cerevisiae.

A secondary degradation product formed by epimerisation of tetracycline and dehydration at the C6 position to aromatise the B ring. It is an important standard for monitoring tetracycline stability. It is considered to be biologically active and responsible for the toxicity of tetracycline. It is active against Pseudomonas, Agrobacterium, Moraxella, Bacillus and E. coli.