16,17-Dehydrorifamycin G

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of 16 G biopsy needle in transperineal template-guided prostate biopsy (TTPB), compared with 18 G biopsy needle. Methods: The patients who underwent TTPB from August 2020 to February 2021 were randomized into 2 groups using a random number table. The control group (n = 65) and the observation group (n = 58) performed biopsy with 18 G (Bard MC l820) and 16 G (Bard MC l616) biopsy needles, respectively. Positive rate of biopsy, Gleason score, complications, and pain score were statistically analyzed. Results: The age, prostate volume, PSA, and the number of cores were comparable between the 2 groups. The positive rate of biopsy in the observation group was 68.9% (40/58), meanwhile the control group was 46.2% (30/65). There was statistical difference between the 2 groups (p = 0.011). Gleason score of the observation group (8 [7-9]) was higher than that of the control group (8 [6-9]) (p = 0.038). There was no significant difference in pain score and complications including hematuria, hematospermia, perineal hematoma, infection, and urinary retention between the 2 groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: 16 G biopsy needle significantly improved the positive rates and accurately evaluate the nature of lesions, meanwhile did not increase the incidence of complications compared with 18 G biopsy needle.

Lentils are naturally gluten-free and are recommended for people with celiac disease and other gluten-related disorders. However, like oats, they appear to be at a heightened risk of cross contact with gluten-containing grains. The purpose of this study was to spot check for the presence of errant gluten-containing grains in a variety of brands of lentils purchased in 2021. Twenty-five bags of different dry lentil products representing 24 brands were purchased online and at various grocery stores. Each bag of lentils was individually hand sorted. Two of the 25 packages of lentils contained errant gluten-containing grains. One 16-ounce (454 g) bag contained a grain of wheat. Another 16-ounce (454 g) bag contained a grain of wheat and a grain of barley. For a product to be considered gluten-free in the United States, it must contain <20 mg of gluten per kilogram (or 20 parts per million of gluten). A product at the 20-ppm level of gluten should contain no more than 2 intact gluten-containing grains per kilogram or 35.27 ounces (1,000 g) of food (or 1 intact gluten-containing grain in 17.64 ounces [500 g] of food). Based on these calculations, a 16-ounce (454 g) bag of lentils containing 1 intact gluten-containing grain would not be considered gluten-free. Lentils are at risk of cross contact with gluten-containing grain. Consumers should continue to sort through lentils removing foreign grain, and rinse sorted lentils under running water to remove grain dust before cooking.

Background: Depression among adolescents is rising globally and is the leading cause of illness and disability among adolescents. While antidepressants and psychotherapy are effective, only about 40% of depressed adolescents receive treatments due to lack of professionals and barriers such as cost and personal obstacles including stigma, lack of motivation, and negative perceptions of treatment. Use of alternative and complementary treatments for depression is growing. One such treatment is mindfulness meditation. Objective: We examined the effects of mindfulness interventions on depression among adolescents and explored the moderator effects of participants, methods, and intervention characteristics. Methods: We searched 17 databases from their inception to April 2019 to identify studies written in English. Search terms included depress* AND mindful* OR meditat* AND adolescen* OR student*; 29 studies met inclusion criteria. Two researchers independently coded data from all primary studies. Discrepancies were discussed with a third researcher to reach consensus. Using the random effects model, we computed the effect sizes (ESs) of mindfulness interventions on depression using standardized mean differences (Hedge's g) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Funnel plot, Q statistics, and I2 were used to test the heterogeneity across studies. We examined moderators to explore sources of heterogeneity. Results: Across 29 studies (N=3688), 1839 adolescents participated in mindfulness interventions; 1849 served as controls. Mean ages ranged from 10.2 to 19.5 years. Mindfulness groups showed reduced depression compared to control groups (g=.14, 95%CI[.01-.28], p<.042). Funded studies showed greater improvement in depression (g=.34, 95%CI[.09-.58], p<.008) compared to unfunded (g=.05, 95%CI[-.12-.22], p<.554). Interestingly, while only two research teams studied mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, they showed trends toward improvement (p=0.09) in depression (g=.76, 95%CI[.18-1.34], p<.010, s=2) compared to adapted mindfulness interventions (g=.13, 95%CI[-.04-.30], p<.140, s=16) or mindfulness-based stress reduction (g=.07, 95%CI[-.16-.29], p<.559, s=11). Mindfulness interventions with individual counseling tended (p=0.09) to improve depression (g=.46, 95%CI[.07-.85], p<.021, s=3) more than without (g=.10, 95%CI[-.04-.24], p<.168, s=26). Depression improved more when follow-up measures occurred further from the intervention (Slope=.002, τ2=.74, Qbetween=4.10, p=.043, s=29). No quality indicators moderated the ES of mindfulness interventions on depression. Conclusion: Mindfulness interventions are mildly effective interventions to reduce depressive symptoms among adolescents. Clinicians trained in mindfulness interventions might encourage mindfulness meditation as adjunctive/alternative treatment for adolescents with mild or moderate depressive symptoms as well as for at-risk adolescents to prevent depression. Funding, type of mindfulness interventions, individual counseling, and time to follow up were moderators of the effects of mindfulness interventions on depression in adolescents.