AA-57
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| Category | Antibiotics |
| Catalog number | BBF-03182 |
| CAS | 68026-87-9 |
| Molecular Weight | 312.74 |
| Molecular Formula | C15H17ClO5 |
| Purity | >98% |
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Description
AA-57 is an acidic lipophilic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces sp. AA-57. It has anti-gram-positive bacteria, negative bacteria and mycobacterial activity.
Specification
| Synonyms | AA-57; Pentaleno(1,6a-c)pyran-5-carboxylic acid, 1-(chloromethyl)-1,2,4,4a,6a,7-hexahydro-1-hydroxy-7,8-dimethyl-2-oxo-, (1S-(1alpha,4aalpha,6abeta,7alpha,9aR*))-; Pentaleno(1,3a-c)pyran-5-carboxylic acid, 1,2,4,4a,6a,7-hexadyro-1-(chloromethyl)-7,8-dimethyl-1-hydroxy-2-oxo- |
| Storage | Store at -20°C |
| IUPAC Name | (1S,4aR,6aR,7R)-1-(chloromethyl)-1-hydroxy-7,8-dimethyl-2-oxo-4,4a,6a,7-tetrahydropentaleno[1,6a-c]pyran-5-carboxylic acid |
| Canonical SMILES | CC1C2C=C(C3C2(C=C1C)C(C(=O)OC3)(CCl)O)C(=O)O |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C15H17ClO5/c1-7-4-14-10(8(7)2)3-9(12(17)18)11(14)5-21-13(19)15(14,20)6-16/h3-4,8,10-11,20H,5-6H2,1-2H3,(H,17,18)/t8-,10+,11-,14?,15+/m0/s1 |
| InChI Key | JIBVJJZCSYJNBC-MERSJFMSSA-N |
Properties
| Antibiotic Activity Spectrum | Gram-positive bacteria; Gram-negative bacteria; mycobacteria |
| Boiling Point | 544.3±50.0°C at 760 mmHg |
| Melting Point | 123°C |
| Density | 1.5±0.1 g/cm3 |
| Solubility | Soluble in DMSO |
Reference Reading
1. Optimization of Omega-3 Index Levels in Athletes at the US Naval Academy: Personalized Omega-3 Fatty Acid Dosage and Molecular Genetic Approaches
Melissa Rittenhouse, Nyamkhishig Sambuughin, Patricia Deuster Nutrients. 2022 Jul 20;14(14):2966. doi: 10.3390/nu14142966.
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend increasing the intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The Omega-3 Index (O3I) is one marker used to assess omega-3 status. The O3I national average is 4.3%, which translates into a high risk for developing cardiovascular disease. Research has reported an association between variants in the two desaturase encoding genes, fatty acid desaturase 1 and fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS1/2), and the concentration of O3I. The aim of this study was to assess whether a personalized dosage of omega-3 supplementation would lead to an O3I ≥ 8%. A secondary aim was to identify if changes in O3I levels would be associated with either of the two FADS1/2 variants. Methods: This interventional study had a pre- and post-intervention design to assess changes in O3I. Ninety participants completed demographic, biometrics, O3I, and genetic testing. Participants were provided a personalized dose of omega-3 supplements based on their baseline O3I. Results: The majority (63%) of participants were 20 year old white males with an average O3I at baseline of 4.6%; the post-supplementation average O3I was 5.6%. The most frequent genetic variants expressed in the full sample for FADS1/2 were GG (50%) and CA/AA (57%). Conclusions: O3I was significantly increased following omega-3 supplementation. However, it was not possible to conclude whether the two FADS1/2 variants led to differential increases in OI3 or if a personalized dosage of omega-3 supplementation led to an O3I ≥ 8%, due to our study limitations.
2. Oleuropein-Enriched Extract From Olive Mill Leaves by Homogenizer-Assisted Extraction and Its Antioxidant and Antiglycating Activities
Katherine Márquez, Nicole Márquez, Felipe Ávila, Nadia Cruz, Alberto Burgos-Edwards, Ximena Pardo, Basilio Carrasco Front Nutr. 2022 Jun 23;9:895070. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.895070. eCollection 2022.
Olive oil consumption has increased in the last two decades and consequently, its wastes have increased, which generates a tremendous environmental impact. Among the by-products are the olive mill leaves, which are easier and inexpensive to treat than other olive by-products. However, little research has been done on their chemical composition and potential bioactivity. Hence, in this study, olive mill leaves were used to obtain Oleuropein-Enriched Extracts (OLEU-EE) using Conventional Extraction, Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, and Homogenization-Assisted Extraction. These three techniques were evaluated using a Factorial Design to determine the parameters to obtain an OLEU-EE with high contents of Total Phenolic Compounds (TPC), Antioxidant Activity (AA), and Oleuropein concentration (OLEU). From the results, the Homogenizer-Assisted Extraction (HAE) technique was selected at 18,000 rpm, solid:liquid ratio 1:10, and 30 s of homogenization with 70% ethanol, due to its high TPC (5,196 mg GA/100 g), AA (57,867 μmol of TE/100 g), and OLEU (4,345 mg of OLEU/100 g). In addition, the antiglycating effect of OLEU-EE on the levels of (1) fluorescent Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) were IC50 of 0.1899 and 0.1697 mg/mL for 1λEXC 325/λEM 440 and 2λEXC 389/λEM 443, respectively; (2) protein oxidative damage markers such as dityrosine (DiTyr), N-formylkynurenine (N-formyl Kyn), and kynurenine (Kyn) were IC50 of 0.1852, 0.2044, and 0.1720 mg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, OLEU-EE from olive mill leaves has different capacities to inhibit AGEs evidenced by the IC50 of fluorescent AGEs and protein oxidation products, together with the scavenging free radical evidenced by the concentration of Trolox Equivalent. Therefore, OLEU-EE could be potential functional ingredients that prevent oxidative damage caused by free radicals and AGEs accumulation.
3. Impact of the COVID-19 breast cancer screening hiatus on clinical stage and racial disparities in New York City
Genevieve A Fasano, Solange Bayard, Rulla Tamimi, et al. Am J Surg. 2022 Oct;224(4):1039-1045. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2022.05.037. Epub 2022 May 27.
Background: The impact of the COVID-19 mammography screening hiatus as well as of post-hiatus efforts promoting restoration of elective healthcare on breast cancer detection patterns and stage distribution is unknown. Methods: Newly diagnosed breast cancer patients (2019-2021) at the New York Presbyterian (NYP) Hospital Network were analyzed. Chi-square and student's t-test compared characteristics of patients presenting before and after the screening hiatus. Results: A total of 2137 patients were analyzed. Frequency of screen-detected and early-stage breast cancer declined post-hiatus (59.7%), but returned to baseline (69.3%). Frequency of screen-detected breast cancer was lowest for African American (AA) (57.5%) and Medicaid patients pre-hiatus (57.2%), and this disparity was reduced post-hiatus (65.3% for AA and 63.2% for Medicaid). Conclusions: The return to baseline levels of screen-detected cancer, particularly among AA and Medicaid patients suggest that large-scale breast health education campaigns may be effective in resuming screening practices and in mitigating disparities.
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Bio Calculators
* Our calculator is based on the following equation:
Concentration (start) x Volume (start) = Concentration (final) x Volume (final)
It is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2
* Total Molecular Weight:
g/mol
Tip: Chemical formula is case sensitive. C22H30N4O √ c22h30n40 ╳
