Acetyl 1-L-leucyL-L-arginine
* Please be kindly noted products are not for therapeutic use. We do not sell to patients.
| Category | Enzyme inhibitors |
| Catalog number | BBF-00009 |
| CAS | |
| Molecular Weight | 313.39 |
| Molecular Formula | C14H27N5O3 |
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Description
Acetyl 1-L-leucyL-L-arginine is a lactone compound isolated from the Bacterium sp. BMG520-yF2. Acetyl 1-L-leucyL-L-arginine has the activity of inhibiting dipeptidyl aminopeptidase Ⅲ.
Properties
| Appearance | White Powder |
| Melting Point | 129-132°C |
| Solubility | soluble in Water |
Reference Reading
1. Metabolic and Cellular Compartments of Acetyl-CoA in the Healthy and Diseased Brain
Agnieszka Jankowska-Kulawy, Joanna Klimaszewska-Łata, Sylwia Gul-Hinc, Anna Ronowska, Andrzej Szutowicz Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Sep 3;23(17):10073. doi: 10.3390/ijms231710073.
The human brain is characterised by the most diverse morphological, metabolic and functional structure among all body tissues. This is due to the existence of diverse neurons secreting various neurotransmitters and mutually modulating their own activity through thousands of pre- and postsynaptic interconnections in each neuron. Astroglial, microglial and oligodendroglial cells and neurons reciprocally regulate the metabolism of key energy substrates, thereby exerting several neuroprotective, neurotoxic and regulatory effects on neuronal viability and neurotransmitter functions. Maintenance of the pool of mitochondrial acetyl-CoA derived from glycolytic glucose metabolism is a key factor for neuronal survival. Thus, acetyl-CoA is regarded as a direct energy precursor through the TCA cycle and respiratory chain, thereby affecting brain cell viability. It is also used for hundreds of acetylation reactions, including N-acetyl aspartate synthesis in neuronal mitochondria, acetylcholine synthesis in cholinergic neurons, as well as divergent acetylations of several proteins, peptides, histones and low-molecular-weight species in all cellular compartments. Therefore, acetyl-CoA should be considered as the central point of metabolism maintaining equilibrium between anabolic and catabolic pathways in the brain. This review presents data supporting this thesis.
2. Sirtuin-1 sensitive lysine-136 acetylation drives phase separation and pathological aggregation of TDP-43
Jorge Garcia Morato, Friederike Hans, Felix von Zweydorf, Regina Feederle, Simon J Elsässer, Angelos A Skodras, Christian Johannes Gloeckner, Emanuele Buratti, Manuela Neumann, Philipp J Kahle Nat Commun. 2022 Mar 9;13(1):1223. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-28822-7.
Trans-activation response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) regulates RNA processing and forms neuropathological aggregates in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Investigating TDP-43 post-translational modifications, we discovered that K84 acetylation reduced nuclear import whereas K136 acetylation impaired RNA binding and splicing capabilities of TDP-43. Such failure of RNA interaction triggered TDP-43 phase separation mediated by the C-terminal low complexity domain, leading to the formation of insoluble aggregates with pathologically phosphorylated and ubiquitinated TDP-43. Introduction of acetyl-lysine at the identified sites via amber suppression confirmed the results from site-directed mutagenesis. K84-acetylated TDP-43 showed cytoplasmic mislocalization, and the aggregation propensity of K136-acetylated TDP-43 was confirmed. We generated antibodies selective for TDP-43 acetylated at these lysines, and found that sirtuin-1 can potently deacetylate K136-acetylated TDP-43 and reduce its aggregation propensity. Thus, distinct lysine acetylations modulate nuclear import, RNA binding and phase separation of TDP-43, suggesting regulatory mechanisms for TDP-43 pathogenesis.
3. Supercharging Prions via Amyloid-Selective Lysine Acetylation
Katelyn M Baumer, Christopher D Cook, Collin T Zahler, Alexandra A Beard, Zhijuan Chen, Jordan C Koone, Chad M Dashnaw, Raul A Villacob, Touradj Solouki, John L Wood, David R Borchelt, Bryan F Shaw Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2021 Jun 25;60(27):15069-15079. doi: 10.1002/anie.202103548. Epub 2021 May 26.
Repulsive electrostatic forces between prion-like proteins are a barrier against aggregation. In neuropharmacology, however, a prion's net charge (Z) is not a targeted parameter. Compounds that selectively boost prion Z remain unreported. Here, we synthesized compounds that amplified the negative charge of misfolded superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) by acetylating lysine-NH3+ in amyloid-SOD1, without acetylating native-SOD1. Compounds resembled a "ball and chain" mace: a rigid amyloid-binding "handle" (benzothiazole, stilbene, or styrylpyridine); an aryl ester "ball"; and a triethylene glycol chain connecting ball to handle. At stoichiometric excess, compounds acetylated up to 9 of 11 lysine per misfolded subunit (ΔZfibril =-8100 per 103 subunits). Acetylated amyloid-SOD1 seeded aggregation more slowly than unacetylated amyloid-SOD1 in vitro and organotypic spinal cord (these effects were partially due to compound binding). Compounds exhibited reactivity with other amyloid and non-amyloid proteins (e.g., fibrillar α-synuclein was peracetylated; serum albumin was partially acetylated; carbonic anhydrase was largely unacetylated).
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Bio Calculators
* Our calculator is based on the following equation:
Concentration (start) x Volume (start) = Concentration (final) x Volume (final)
It is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2
* Total Molecular Weight:
g/mol
Tip: Chemical formula is case sensitive. C22H30N4O √ c22h30n40 ╳
