Bacilysin
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| Category | Antibiotics |
| Catalog number | BBF-00248 |
| CAS | 29393-20-2 |
| Molecular Weight | 270.28 |
| Molecular Formula | C12H18N2O5 |
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Description
Bacilysin is produced by the strain of Bacillus subtilis A-14. It has gram-positive bacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Dryness bacillus. Culture is enriched with bacillus subtilis (Bacilip in).
Specification
| Synonyms | Tetaine; Antibiotic KM 208; N-L-Alanyl-3-(5-oxo-7-oxabicyclo(4.1.0)hept-2-yl)-L-alanine |
| IUPAC Name | (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]amino]-3-[(1R,2S,6R)-5-oxo-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-2-yl]propanoic acid |
| Canonical SMILES | CC(C(=O)NC(CC1CCC(=O)C2C1O2)C(=O)O)N |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C12H18N2O5/c1-5(13)11(16)14-7(12(17)18)4-6-2-3-8(15)10-9(6)19-10/h5-7,9-10H,2-4,13H2,1H3,(H,14,16)(H,17,18)/t5-,6-,7-,9+,10-/m0/s1 |
| InChI Key | XFOUAXMJRHNTOP-PFQXTLEHSA-N |
Properties
| Appearance | White Amorphous Powder |
| Antibiotic Activity Spectrum | gram-positive bacterial |
| Solubility | Soluble in water. |
Reference Reading
1. Improvement of Bacilysin Production in Bacillus subtilis by CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Editing of the 5'-Untranslated Region of the bac Operon
Hadeel Waleed Abdulmalek, Ayten Yazgan-Karataş J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2022 Dec 13;33(3):1-9. doi: 10.4014/jmb.2209.09035. Online ahead of print.
Bacilysin is a dipeptide antibiotic composed of L-alanine and L-anticapsin produced by certain strains of B. subtilis. Bacilysin is gaining increasing attention in industrial agriculture and pharmaceutical industries due to its potent antagonistic effects on various bacterial, fungal, and algal pathogens. However, its use in industrial applications is hindered by its low production in the native producer. The biosynthesis of bacilysin is mainly based on the bacABCDEF operon. Examination of the sequence surrounding the upstream of the bac operon did not reveal a clear, strong ribosome binding site (RBS). Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of RBS as a potential route to improve bacilysin production. For this, the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of the bac operon was edited using the CRISPR/Cas9 approach by introducing a strong ribosome binding sequence carrying the canonical Shine-Dalgarno sequence (TAAGGAGG) with an 8 nt spacing from the AUG start codon. Strong RBS substitution resulted in a 2.87-fold increase in bacilysin production without affecting growth. Strong RBS substitution also improved the mRNA stability of the bac operon. All these data revealed that extensive RBS engineering is a promising key option for enhancing bacilysin production in its native producers.
2. Biosynthesis, Molecular Regulation, and Application of Bacilysin Produced by Bacillus Species
Tarequl Islam, Muhammad Fazle Rabbee, Jinhee Choi, Kwang-Hyun Baek Metabolites. 2022 Apr 27;12(5):397. doi: 10.3390/metabo12050397.
Microbes produce a diverse range of secondary metabolites in response to various environmental factors and interspecies competition. This enables them to become superior in a particular environment. Bacilysin, a dipeptide antibiotic produced by Bacillus species, is active against a broad range of microorganisms. Because of its simple structure and excellent mode of action, i.e., through the inhibition of glucosamine 6-phosphate synthase, it has drawn the attention of researchers. In addition, it acts as a pleiotropic signaling molecule that affects different cellular activities. However, all Bacillus species are not capable of producing bacilysin. The biosynthesis of bacilysin by Bacillus species is not uniform throughout the population; specificity and heterogeneity at both the strain and species levels has been observed. This review discusses how bacilysin is biosynthesized by Bacillus species, the regulators of its biosynthesis, its importance in the host, and the abiotic factors affecting bacilysin production.
3. Comparative biological network analysis for differentially expressed proteins as a function of bacilysin biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis
Meltem Kutnu, Elif Tekin İşlerel, Nurcan Tunçbağ, Gülay Özcengiz Integr Biol (Camb). 2022 Aug 3;14(5):99-110. doi: 10.1093/intbio/zyac010.
The Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis produces a diverse range of secondary metabolites with different structures and activities. Among them, bacilysin is an enzymatically synthesized dipeptide that consists of L-alanine and L-anticapsin. Previous research by our group has suggested bacilysin's role as a pleiotropic molecule in its producer, B. subtilis PY79. However, the nature of protein interactions in the absence of bacilysin has not been defined. In the present work, we constructed a protein-protein interaction subnetwork by using Omics Integrator based on our recent comparative proteomics data obtained from a bacilysin-silenced strain, OGU1. Functional enrichment analyses on the resulting networks pointed to certain putatively perturbed pathways such as citrate cycle, quorum sensing and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Various molecules, which were absent from the experimental data, were included in the final network. We believe that this study can guide further experiments in the identification and confirmation of protein-protein interactions in B. subtilis.
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Bio Calculators
* Our calculator is based on the following equation:
Concentration (start) x Volume (start) = Concentration (final) x Volume (final)
It is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2
* Total Molecular Weight:
g/mol
Tip: Chemical formula is case sensitive. C22H30N4O √ c22h30n40 ╳
