Bacithrocin D

Bacithrocin D

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Category Enzyme inhibitors
Catalog number BBF-00254
CAS 96440-64-1
Molecular Weight 347.41
Molecular Formula C17H25N5O3

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Description

Bacithrocin D is produced by the strain of Bacillus laterosporus Laubach NR 2988. The ED50 of the four components A, B, C and D were 48, 84, 80, 124X10-6 mol/L, and the reference antipain was 13X10-6 mol/L, respectively.

Specification

Synonyms SCHEMBL21360283
IUPAC Name 2-acetamido-N-[5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]-3-phenylpropanamide
Canonical SMILES CC(=O)NC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)NC(CCCN=C(N)N)C=O
InChI InChI=1S/C17H25N5O3/c1-12(24)21-15(10-13-6-3-2-4-7-13)16(25)22-14(11-23)8-5-9-20-17(18)19/h2-4,6-7,11,14-15H,5,8-10H2,1H3,(H,21,24)(H,22,25)(H4,18,19,20)
InChI Key ZXZKRYZJMLNJBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Properties

Appearance Colorless Powder

Reference Reading

1. The replacement of bacitracin methylene disalicylate with Bacillus subtilis PB6 in the diet of male Cherry Valley Ducks reduces the feed conversion ratio by improving intestinal health and modulating gut microbiota
Qianqian Zhang, Jian Li, Guixiang Wang, Lizhi Wang, Zhiming Zhang, Zhengfeng Fang, Yan Lin, Shengyu Xu, Bin Feng, Yong Zhuo, Lun Hua, Xuemei Jiang, Xilun Zhao, De Wu, Lianqiang Che Poult Sci. 2022 Nov;101(11):102155. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102155. Epub 2022 Aug 27.
In this study, we compared the impacts of Bacillus subtilis PB6 (BS) and bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, expression of tight connection protein, and cecal microbiota community of male ducks through a 42-d trial. Three-hundred and sixty male Cherry Valley meat-type ducklings (1-day-old) were distributed into 3 groups of 6 replicates: CON group (control, basal diet), BMD group (basal diet + 45 mg/kg BMD, active ingredient dose in the feed), and BS group (basal diet + 2 × 107 CFU/kg BS in the feed). Results showed that supplementing the diet with BS reduced the average daily feed intake (ADFI) during d 15 to 42 and d 1 to 42 compared with the CON group (P = 0.032). It also reduced feed conversion ratio (FCR) during d 15 to 42 and d 1 to 42 (P < 0.05) relative to the other groups. The ileal villus height (VH) and villus height /crypt depth ratio (V/C) were increased (P < 0.05) in both the BS and BMD groups, and the jejunal VH and V/C ratio were increased in the BS group (P < 0.05). Relative to the CON, BS supplementation was associated with numerical augmentation of goblet cells in the jejunal mucosa and upregulation of jejunal zonula occludens (ZO-1) and ileal mucin2 (P < 0.05) mRNA levels. Analysis showed a negative correlation between FCR (d 0-42) and VH, V/C, and the number of goblet cells in the jejunum (P < 0.05). Additionally, BMD or BS supplementation altered the alpha diversity of colonic microbiota (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that Butyricimonas, Enterobacteriaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Tannerellaceae were positively associated with the acetic acid and butyrate concentrations (P < 0.05). Taken together, the supplementation of BS in the diet of male ducks was conducive to reducing FCR by meliorating intestinal morphology, upregulating ZO-1 and mucin2 mRNA levels, regulating the abundance of microbiota, and metabolites, and having a greater effect than BMD supplementation.
2. Effects of dietary bacitracin or Bacillus subtilis on the woody breast myopathy-associated gut microbiome of Eimeria spp. challenged and unchallenged broilers
Linan Jia, Chuan-Yu Hsu, Xue Zhang, Xiaofei Li, M Wes Schilling, E David Peebles, Aaron S Kiess, Li Zhang Poult Sci. 2022 Aug;101(8):101960. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101960. Epub 2022 May 13.
Study suggested that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota may affect the etiology of woody breast (WB). In the current study, the cecal microbiota and WB in chickens fed three different diets were investigated. A total of 504 male chicks were used in a randomized complete block design with a 3 (Diet) × 2 (Challenge) factorial arrangement of treatments with 6 replicates per treatment, 6 treatments per block, and 14 birds per treatment. The experimental diets were a control diet (corn-soybean meal basal diet), an antibiotic diet (basal diet + 6.075 mg bacitracin/kg feed), and a probiotic diet (basal diet + 2.2 × 108 CFU Bacillus subtilis PB6/kg feed). On d 14, birds that were assigned to the challenge treatment received a 20 × live cocci vaccine. On d 41, breast muscle hardness in live birds was palpated and grouped into normal (NB) and WB phenotypes. Cecal contents were collected and their bacterial compositions were analyzed and compared. The genomic DNA of the cecal contents was extracted and the V3 and V4 regions of 16S rRNA gene were amplified and sequenced via an Illumina MiSeq platform. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in Shannon and Chao 1 indexes between the challenges, diets, and phenotypes (NB vs. WB). However, there was a difference (P = 0.001) in the beta diversity of the samples between the challenged and nonchallenged groups. Relative bacterial abundance differed (false discovery rate, FDR < 0.05) between the challenge treatments, but there were no significant differences (FDR > 0.05) among the three diets or two phenotypes. Predicted energy metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and amino acid and coenzyme biosynthesis activities only differed (q-value < 0.05) between challenged and nonchallenged groups. The cocci challenge altered the gut microbial composition on Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum, Sporobacter termitidis, and Subdoligranulum variabile, but the dietary antibiotic and probiotic treatments did not impact gut microbial composition. No strong association was found between WB myopathy and gut microbial composition in this study.
3. Bacitracin, Bacillus subtilis, and Eimeria spp. challenge exacerbates woody breast incidence and severity in broilers
Linan Jia, Xue Zhang, Xiaofei Li, Wes Schilling, E David Peebles, Aaron S Kiess, Wei Zhai, Li Zhang Poult Sci. 2022 Jan;101(1):101512. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101512. Epub 2021 Sep 27.
Woody breast (WB) is a myopathy that is related to the increasing growth rate. Understanding the influence of management factors on WB formation and development is important to minimize WB. This study was conducted to define how management factors affect broiler growth performance, processing yield, and WB incidence. Ross × Ross 708 chicks were randomly assigned to a 3 (diet) × 2 (cocci challenge) × 2 (sex) factorial arrangement of treatments. The 3 dietary treatments were: control diet (corn-soybean meal basal diet), antibiotic diet (basal diet + 6.075 mg bacitracin /kg feed), and probiotic diet (basal diet + 2.2 × 108 CFU Bacillus subtilis PB6/kg feed). Birds in cocci challenge treatments received 20 × live cocci vaccine on d 14. The hardness of breast muscle in live birds was determined by palpation and grouped into Normal, Slight, Moderate, and Severe categories. Across diet and sex treatments, the cocci challenge resulted in decreases in body weight (BW) on d 29 and 35 (P < 0.0001 and = 0.032) in body weight gain (BWG) from d 14 to 29 (P < 0.0001). However, an increase of BW occurred on d 35 (P = 0.032) and an increase of BWG occurred from d 29 to 35 and d 35 to 43 (P = 0.0001 and 0.002), and the cocci challenge increased WB incidence on d 29 (P = 0.043) and d 43 (P = 0.013). Across challenge and sex treatments, birds fed the antibiotic diet exhibited a higher growth rate (GR) than those fed the control or probiotic diet from d 0 to 14 (P = 0.016), but not after d 14 (P > 0.05). Across sex, the antibiotic and probiotic diets increased WB incidence for those birds that did not receive a cocci challenge on d 43 (P = 0.040). Across challenge and diet treatments, males exhibited a higher BW, BWG, and GR throughout all growth phases, and males showed a higher WB incidence on d 29, 35, and 43 (P = 0.002, P < 0.0001, and P = 0.0002, respectively). In conclusion, bacitracin and Eimeria spp. increased WB incidence, BW, and GR. However, Bacillus subtilis increased WB incidence in male broilers without affecting BW and GR.

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