Cyclopamine
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| Category | Others |
| Catalog number | BBF-03880 |
| CAS | 4449-51-8 |
| Molecular Weight | 411.62 |
| Molecular Formula | C27H41NO2 |
| Purity | >98% |
Ordering Information
| Catalog Number | Size | Price | Stock | Quantity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BBF-03880 | 100 mg | $367 | In stock |
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Add to cartDescription
Cyclopamine (11-deoxojervine) is a naturally occurring chemical that belongs to the group of steroidal jerveratrum alkaloids. It is a teratogen isolated from the corn lily (Veratrum californicum) that causes usually fatal birth defects. It can prevent the fetal brain from dividing into two lobes (holoprosencephaly) and cause the development of a single eye (cyclopia). It does so by inhibiting the hedgehog signaling pathway (Hh). Cyclopamine is useful in studying the role of Hh in normal development, and as a potential treatment for certain cancers in which Hh is overexpressed.
Specification
| Synonyms | HSDB-3505; HSDB 3505; HSDB-3505; 11-Deoxojervine |
| Storage | Store at -20°C |
| IUPAC Name | (3S,3'R,3'aS,6'S,6aS,6bS,7'aR,9R,11aS,11bR)-3',6',10,11b-tetramethylspiro[2,3,4,6,6a,6b,7,8,11,11a-decahydro-1H-benzo[a]fluorene-9,2'-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-furo[3,2-b]pyridine]-3-ol |
| Canonical SMILES | CC1CC2C(C(C3(O2)CCC4C5CC=C6CC(CCC6(C5CC4=C3C)C)O)C)NC1 |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C27H41NO2/c1-15-11-24-25(28-14-15)17(3)27(30-24)10-8-20-21-6-5-18-12-19(29)7-9-26(18,4)23(21)13-22(20)16(27)2/h5,15,17,19-21,23-25,28-29H,6-14H2,1-4H3/t15-,17+,19-,20-,21-,23-,24+,25-,26-,27-/m0/s1 |
| InChI Key | QASFUMOKHFSJGL-LAFRSMQTSA-N |
| Source | It is a teratogen isolated from the corn lily (Veratrum californicum). |
Properties
| Appearance | White Crystal Powder |
| Boiling Point | 550.8°C at 760 mmHg |
| Melting Point | >235°C (dec.) |
| Density | 1.14 g/cm3 |
| Solubility | Soluble in Chloroform, Dichloromethane, Ethanol (20 mg/mL ), DMSO (4 mg/ml), DMF (10 mg/mL) |
Toxicity
| Carcinogenicity | No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). |
| Mechanism Of Toxicity | Cyclopamine causes usually fatal birth defects. It can prevent the fetal brain from dividing into two lobes (holoprosencephaly) and cause the development of a single eye (cyclopia). It does so by inhibiting the hedgehog pathway (Hh). Cyclopamine inhibits the Hh by influencing the balance between the active and inactive forms of the smoothened protein. Cyclopamine is useful in studying the role of Hh in normal development, and as a potential treatment for certain cancers in which Hh is overexpressed. Cyclopamine acts as a primary inhibitor of the hedgehog signaling pathway in cells. This pathway named for the ligand for the signal protein, is used by cells to help them react to external chemical signals. The pathway carries out important functions in embryonic development and when it goes awry, deformities can occur. However, errant activation of the pathway can also trigger cancer in adult humans, leading to basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and prostate, pancreatic and breast cancers. A way of controlling the pathway using cyclopamine could turn this problem on its head and provide a way to treat cancer. (Wikipedia) Cyclopamine inhibits the Hh pathway by binding to and preventing the activation of Smoothened (Smo), preventing downstream target gene regulation. |
Reference Reading
1.Hedgehog inhibition causes complete loss of limb outgrowth and transformation of digit identity in Xenopus tropicalis.
Stopper GF1, Richards-Hrdlicka KL2, Wagner GP3. J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol. 2016 Feb 26. doi: 10.1002/jez.b.22669. [Epub ahead of print]
The study of the tetrapod limb has contributed greatly to our understanding of developmental pathways and how changes to these pathways affect the evolution of morphology. Most of our understanding of tetrapod limb development comes from research on amniotes, with far less known about mechanisms of limb development in amphibians. To better understand the mechanisms of limb development in anuran amphibians, we used cyclopamine to inhibit Hedgehog signaling at various stages of development in the western clawed frog, Xenopus tropicalis, and observed resulting morphologies. We also analyzed gene expression changes resulting from similar experiments in Xenopus laevis. Inhibition of Hedgehog signaling in X. tropicalis results in limb abnormalities including reduced digit number, missing skeletal elements, and complete absence of limbs. In addition, posterior digits assume an anterior identity by developing claws that are usually only found on anterior digits, confirming Sonic hedgehog's role in digit identity determination.
2.Chondroprotective effects of palmatine on osteoarthritis in vivo and in vitro: A possible mechanism of inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin and Hedgehog signaling pathways.
Zhou X1, Lin X2, Xiong Y3, Jiang L3, Li W3, Li J3, Wu L4. Int Immunopharmacol. 2016 May;34:129-38. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.02.029. Epub 2016 Mar 2.
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of palmatine (Pal) in a rabbit osteoarthritis (OA) model in vivo and rabbit interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-stimulated chondrocytes in vitro. Appropriate concentrations of Pal were identified by the MTT assay and used to preincubate IL-1β-induced chondrocytes, as well as an activator or inhibitor of Wnt and Hedgehog signaling pathways. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, 3, and 13; tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1; collagenase II; aggrecan; and the related molecules of the Wnt/β-catenin and Hedgehog signaling pathways were investigated. Protein expression was detected by Western blot analysis and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was examined by PCR analysis. Pal (0.3mL, 100mg/L) was injected into rabbit knee joints and histological examination, immunohistochemistry, and Mankin scoring of the articular cartilage were performed. Pal (10-100mg/L) had no effect on chondrocyte viability, decreased the expression of the MMPs, and increased the synthesis of TIMP-1whereas collagenase II and aggrecan were inhibited by IL-1β.
3.Sonic hedgehog stimulates neurite outgrowth in a mechanical stretch model of reactive-astrogliosis.
Berretta A1, Gowing EK1, Jasoni CL1, Clarkson AN1,2,3. Sci Rep. 2016 Feb 23;6:21896. doi: 10.1038/srep21896.
Although recovery following a stroke is limited, undamaged neurons under the right conditions can establish new connections and take on-board lost functions. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling is integral for developmental axon growth, but its role after injury has not been fully examined. To investigate the effects of Shh on neuronal sprouting after injury, we used an in vitro model of glial scar, whereby cortical astrocytes were mechanically traumatized to mimic reactive astrogliosis observed after stroke. This mechanical trauma impaired neurite outgrowth from post-natal cortical neurons plated on top of reactive astrocytes. Addition of Shh to the media, however, resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in neurite outgrowth. This response was inhibited by cyclopamine and activated by oxysterol 20(S)-hydroxycholesterol, both of which modulate the activity of the Shh co-receptor Smoothened (Smo), demonstrating that Shh-mediated neurite outgrowth is Smo-dependent.
4.Generation of cortical neurons from human induced-pluripotent stem cells by biodegradable polymeric microspheres loaded with priming factors.
Memanishvili T1, Kupatadze N, Tugushi D, Katsarava R, Wattananit S, Hara N, Tornero D, Kokaia Z. Biomed Mater. 2016 Mar 23;11(2):025011. doi: 10.1088/1748-6041/11/2/025011.
Ischemic stroke is often associated with loss of cortical neurons leading to various neurological deficits. A cell replacement based on stem cell transplantation to repair the damaged brain requires the generation of specific neuronal subtypes. Recently, induced pluripotent stem cells have been used to generate various subtypes of neurons in vitro for transplantation in stroke-damaged brains. However, whether these cells can be primed as neuronal precursors to become cortical projection neurons by means of biomaterials releasing differentiation factors is not known. Here, we report that microspheres of biodegradable poly(ester-amide) composed of adipic acid, L-phenyl-alanine and 1,4-butanediol, loaded with differentiation factors, can be used to fate human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived long-term expandable neuroepithelial-like stem cells to cortical projection neurons. The three factors, Wnt3A, BMP4 and cyclopamine, were released from loaded microspheres over at least one month following biphasic dynamic time course, promoting cortical differentiation of the cells in vitro.
Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive
Experimental Conditions
Ionization Mode: Positive
Collision Energy: 10 eV
Instrument Type: QTOF (generic), spectrum predicted by CFM-ID
Mass Resolution: 0.0001 Da
Molecular Formula: C27H41NO2
Molecular Weight (Monoisotopic Mass): 411.3137 Da
Molecular Weight (Avergae Mass): 411.6199 Da
Collision Energy: 10 eV
Instrument Type: QTOF (generic), spectrum predicted by CFM-ID
Mass Resolution: 0.0001 Da
Molecular Formula: C27H41NO2
Molecular Weight (Monoisotopic Mass): 411.3137 Da
Molecular Weight (Avergae Mass): 411.6199 Da
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Bio Calculators
* Our calculator is based on the following equation:
Concentration (start) x Volume (start) = Concentration (final) x Volume (final)
It is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2
* Total Molecular Weight:
g/mol
Tip: Chemical formula is case sensitive. C22H30N4O √ c22h30n40 ╳
