Doxycycline hydrochloride

Emulsion electrospinning is a multifactorial process used to generate nanofibers loaded with hydrophilic drugs or macromolecules for diverse biomedical applications. Emulsion electrospinnability is greatly impacted by the emulsion pharmaceutical attributes. The aim of this study was to apply a quality by design (QbD) approach based on design of experiments as a risk-based proactive approach to achieve predictable critical quality attributes (CQAs) in w/o emulsions for electrospinning. Polycaprolactone (PCL)-thickened w/o emulsions containing doxycycline HCl were formulated using a Span 60/sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) emulsifier blend. The identified emulsion CQAs (stability, viscosity and conductivity) were linked with electrospinnability using a 3(3) factorial design to optimize emulsion composition for phase stability and a D-optimal design to optimize stable emulsions for viscosity and conductivity after shifting the design space. The three independent variables, emulsifier blend composition, organic:aqueous phase ratio and polymer concentration, had a significant effect (p<0.

BACKGROUND: A surface smear layer consisting of organic and inorganic material is formed on the root surface following mechanical instrumentation and may inhibit the formation of new connective tissue attachment to the root surface. Modification of the tooth surface by root conditioning has resulted in improved connective tissue attachment and has advanced the goal of reconstructive periodontal treatment.

International susceptibility testing breakpoint organizations and regulatory agencies have markedly differing interpretive criteria for the tetracycline class. Here we examined the magnitude of these differences for doxycycline and tetracycline hydrochloride (HCL) when tested against a collection of 13,176 Gram-positive cocci from a worldwide surveillance network (SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 2010). Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints are routinely higher, usually 4-fold, compared to those of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST); however, CLSI recently (2013) modified Streptococcus pneumoniae breakpoints (≤ 2 μg/mL in 2012) to ≤ 0.25 and ≤ 1 μg/mL for doxycycline and tetracycline HCL, respectively. We report that these changes are a promising step toward international breakpoint harmonization, but lack a comprehensive approach needed for testing tetracyclines against all Gram-positive cocci.

Formulation extracts of tetracycline hydrochloride (HCl), minocycline hydrochloride (HCl), and doxycycline hyclate were degraded by strong acidic conditions and heating. Subsequently, components of the extracts were separated by Bidentate C8, Phenyl Hydride and Cholesterol (UDC) HPLC columns operating in the reverse phase mode. The Phenyl Hydride column was able to baseline separate minocycline from the observed degradant, while partial or total co-elution was observed with the other two columns using otherwise identical method conditions. For both the degraded tetracycline HCl and doxycycline hyclate extracts, the UDC column gave the best resolution for the critical pair. The findings suggest that the postulated secondary retention mechanisms of π-π interactions from the Phenyl Hydride and shape selectivity from the UDC can provide superior resolution for structurally similar analytes compared to hydrophobic interactions alone.