Ectoine
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| Category | Others |
| Catalog number | BBF-04195 |
| CAS | 96702-03-3 |
| Molecular Weight | 142.16 |
| Molecular Formula | C6H10N2O2 |
| Purity | 99.0% |
Ordering Information
| Catalog Number | Size | Price | Stock | Quantity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BBF-04195 | 25 g | $199 | In stock |
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Add to cartDescription
Ectoine is derived from high halophage bacteria, so it is also called salt-tolerant bacteria extract. Ectoine is an amino acid derivative and belongs to the extreme enzyme component. It has a strong water molecule capture, complexation ability, and can structure the free water in the cell. It has a powerful cell repair and anti-inflammatory repair function. It can increase the cell repair ability, repair the cell DNA damage caused by ultraviolet light, and have a good repair effect on the light damage caused by ultraviolet light.
Specification
| Synonyms | L-Ectoine; (S)-2-Methyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid; (S)-2-Methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid; (4S)-2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid |
| Storage | Store at 2-8°C |
| IUPAC Name | (6S)-2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid |
| Canonical SMILES | CC1=NCCC(N1)C(=O)O |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C6H10N2O2/c1-4-7-3-2-5(8-4)6(9)10/h5H,2-3H2,1H3,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/t5-/m0/s1 |
| InChI Key | WQXNXVUDBPYKBA-YFKPBYRVSA-N |
Properties
| Appearance | White to off-white powder |
| Boiling Point | 381.5±35.0°C (Predicted) |
| Melting Point | 280°C |
| Flash Point | 184.5ºC |
| Density | 1.37 g/cm3 |
| Solubility | Soluble in Methanol |
| LogP | -0.38430 |
Reference Reading
1.Pathway construction and metabolic engineering for fermentative production of ectoine in Escherichia coli.
Ning Y1, Wu X1, Zhang C1, Xu Q1, Chen N2, Xie X3. Metab Eng. 2016 Mar 9;36:10-18. doi: 10.1016/j.ymben.2016.02.013. [Epub ahead of print]
Ectoine is a protective agent and stabilizer whose synthesis pathway exclusively exists in select moderate halophiles. A novel established process called "bacterial milking" efficiently synthesized ectoine in moderate halophiles, however, this method places high demands on equipment and is cost prohibitive. In this study, we constructed an ectoine producing strain by introducing the ectoine synthesis pathway into Escherichia coli and improved its production capacity. Firstly, the ectABC gene cluster from Halomonas elongata was introduced into E. coli W3110 and the resultant strain synthesized 4.9g/L ectoine without high osmolarity. Subsequently, thrA encoding the bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase was deleted to weaken the competitive l-threonine branch, resulting in an increase of ectoine titer by 109%. Furthermore, a feedback resistant lysC from Corynebacterium glutamicum encoding the aspartate kinase was introduced to complement the enzymatic activity deficiency caused by thrA deletion and a 9% increase of ectoine titer was obtained.
2.Ectoine and 5-hydroxyectoine accumulation in the halophile Virgibacillus halodenitrificans PDB-F2 in response to salt stress.
Tao P1, Li H2, Yu Y3, Gu J4, Liu Y5. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2016 Apr 23. [Epub ahead of print]
The moderately halophilic bacterium Virgibacillus halodenitrificans PDB-F2 copes with salinity by synthesizing or taking up compatible solutes. The main compatible solutes in this strain were ectoine and hydroxyectoine, as determined by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that ectoine was the major solute that was synthesized in response to elevated salinity, while hydroxyectoine was a minor solute. However, the hydroxyectoine/ectoine ratio increased from 0.04 at 3 % NaCl to 0.45 at 15 % NaCl in the late exponential growth phase. A cluster of ectoine biosynthesis genes was identified, including three genes in the order of ectA, ectB, and ectC. The hydroxyectoine biosynthesis gene ectD was not part of the ectABC gene cluster. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reactions (RT-qPCR) showed that the expression of the ect genes was salinity dependent.
3.Efficacy and tolerability of an ectoine mouth and throat spray compared with those of saline lozenges in the treatment of acute pharyngitis and/or laryngitis: a prospective, controlled, observational clinical trial.
Müller D1, Lindemann T1, Shah-Hosseini K1, Scherner O2, Knop M2, Bilstein A2, Mösges R3. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Apr 28. [Epub ahead of print]
The aim of this observational trial was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a mouth and throat spray containing ectoine in the treatment of acute pharyngitis and/or laryngitis. The outcome was compared with control treatment using saline lozenges. This study was designed as a prospective, controlled, non-randomized, observational multicenter clinical trial and was conducted in Germany. The study population consisted of 95 patients. The decision for treatment with either spray or lozenges was based on the patients' preference for pharyngeal or oral application. Investigators assessed symptoms specific to acute pharyngitis/laryngitis and determined the pharyngitis symptom score. Both patients and investigators evaluated the tolerability and efficacy of the treatment applied. Treatment with the spray showed higher efficacy, 1.95 ± 0.81 versus 1.68 ± 0.67 (investigators) and 1.97 ± 0.88 versus 1.57 ± 0.69 (patients, p < 0.05). Treatment with the spray resulted in significantly greater reduction of cervical lymph node swelling (p < 0.
4.Biochemistry and Crystal Structure of Ectoine Synthase: A Metal-Containing Member of the Cupin Superfamily.
Widderich N1, Kobus S2, Höppner A2, Riclea R3,4, Seubert A5, Dickschat JS3,4, Heider J1,6, Smits SH7, Bremer E1,6. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 17;11(3):e0151285. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151285. eCollection 2016.
Ectoine is a compatible solute and chemical chaperone widely used by members of the Bacteria and a few Archaea to fend-off the detrimental effects of high external osmolarity on cellular physiology and growth. Ectoine synthase (EctC) catalyzes the last step in ectoine production and mediates the ring closure of the substrate N-gamma-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid through a water elimination reaction. However, the crystal structure of ectoine synthase is not known and a clear understanding of how its fold contributes to enzyme activity is thus lacking. Using the ectoine synthase from the cold-adapted marine bacterium Sphingopyxis alaskensis (Sa), we report here both a detailed biochemical characterization of the EctC enzyme and the high-resolution crystal structure of its apo-form. Structural analysis classified the (Sa)EctC protein as a member of the cupin superfamily. EctC forms a dimer with a head-to-tail arrangement, both in solution and in the crystal structure.
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Bio Calculators
* Our calculator is based on the following equation:
Concentration (start) x Volume (start) = Concentration (final) x Volume (final)
It is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2
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Tip: Chemical formula is case sensitive. C22H30N4O √ c22h30n40 ╳
