Fentrazamide Metabolite

Streptomyces lydicuswas used as biopesticide for crop protection in agriculture, however, the antimicrobial mechanism remains unclear and no systematic research on the secondary metabolites ofS. lydicushas been reported. In this study, the extract ofS. lydicusM01 culture was used to treat plant pathogenAlternaria alternataand morphological changes in the plasma membrane and cell wall of hyphae and conidia were observed. Fluorescence microscopy combined with different dyes showed that the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and cell death were also induced. To investigate the secondary metabolites in the culture filtrate, an online detection strategy of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography connected to a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was used for identification. The results revealed an excess of 120 metabolites, mainly consisted of fungicides, antibacterial agents, herbicides, insecticides, and plant growth regulators, such as IAA. Among which the five dominant components were oxadixyl, chloreturon, S-metolachlor, fentrazamide, and bucarpolate. On the other hand, the complete genome ofS. lydicusM01 was sequenced and a number of key function gene clusters that contribute to the biosynthesis of active secondary metabolites were revealed. This is the first systematic characterization ofS. lydicussecondary metabolites, and these results offer novel and valuable evidence for a comprehensive understanding of the biocontrol agentS. lydicusand its application in agriculture.