Gentamycin B
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| Category | Antibiotics |
| Catalog number | BBF-03408 |
| CAS | |
| Molecular Weight | 482.5 |
| Molecular Formula | C19H38N4O10 |
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Description
Gentamycin B is an aminoglycoside antibiotic coproduced as a minor component in the gentamicin fermentation. It was found to have the same antibacterial spectrum as gentamicin in vitro and in vivo.
Specification
| Synonyms | Sch-14342; Sch 14342 |
| IUPAC Name | (2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(aminomethyl)-6-[4,6-diamino-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-5-methyl-4-(methylamino)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol |
| Canonical SMILES | CC1(COC(C(C1NC)O)OC2C(CC(C(C2O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CN)O)O)O)N)N)O |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C19H38N4O10/c1-19(29)5-30-17(13(28)16(19)23-2)32-14-6(21)3-7(22)15(12(14)27)33-18-11(26)10(25)9(24)8(4-20)31-18/h6-18,23-29H,3-5,20-22H2,1-2H3/t6?,7?,8-,9-,10+,11-,12?,13-,14?,15?,16-,17-,18-,19-/m1/s1 |
| InChI Key | RHRAMPXHWHSKQB-IJOVQWBESA-N |
Reference Reading
1. Pegylated LyeTx I-b peptide is effective against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in an in vivo model of pneumonia and shows reduced toxicity
Júlio César Moreira Brito, William Gustavo Lima, Jarbas Magalhães Resende, Débora Cristina Sampaio de Assis, Daiane Boff, Valbert Nascimento Cardoso, Flávio Almeida Amaral, Elaine Maria Souza-Fagundes, Simone Odília Antunes Fernandes, Maria Elena de Lima Int J Pharm. 2021 Nov 20;609:121156. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121156. Epub 2021 Oct 6.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has been warning about the importance of developing new drugs against superbugs. Antimicrobial peptides are an alternative in this context, most of them being involved in innate immunity, acting in various ways, and some even showing synergism with commercial antimicrobial agents. LyeTx I-b is a synthetic peptide derived from native LyeTx I, originally isolated from Lycosa erythrognatha spider venom. Although LyeTx I-b is active against several multidrug-resistant bacteria, it shows some hemolytic and cytotoxic effects. To overcome this hindrance, in the present study we PEGylated LyeTx I-b and evaluated its toxicity and in vitro and in vivo activities on pneumonia caused by multi-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. PEGylated LyeTx I-b (LyeTx I-bPEG) maintained the same MIC value as the non- PEGylated peptide, showed anti-biofilm activity, synergistic effect with commercial antimicrobial agents, and did not induce resistance. Moreover, in vivo experiments showed its activity against pneumonia. Additionally, LyeTx I-bPEG reduced hemolysis up to 10 times, was approximately 2 times less cytotoxic to HEK-293 cells and 4 times less toxic to mice in acute toxicity models, compared to LyeTx I-b. Our results show LyeTx I-bPEG as a promising antimicrobial candidate, significantly active against pneumonia caused by multidrug-resistant A. baumannii.
2. Interventions for Menière's disease: an umbrella systematic review
Babette Fiebke van Esch, Hester van der Zaag-Loonen, Tjasse Bruintjes, Ton Kuijpers, Peter Paul G van Benthem BMJ Evid Based Med. 2022 Aug;27(4):235-245. doi: 10.1136/bmjebm-2020-111410. Epub 2021 Nov 8.
Objectives: To systematically review the efficacy of interventions for Menière's disease (MD) to report clinical implications of the results and to identify areas for future valuable research. Methods: In line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Abstracts (PRISMA-A) guideline, a systematic online database search was conducted in which MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Ovid) and CENTRAL (Cochrane Library) were searched until May 2021 in order to search for the efficacy of treatment was analysed in a systematic review. Systematic reviews (SRs) on treatments for MD were screened for eligible interventions. From these SRs, we included placebo randomised controlled trials (RCTs). A separate search was conducted to identify RCTs on treatment modalities that were systematically reviewed yet published after the conduction of these SRs. The primary outcome was control of vertigo as defined by the American guideline as published in 1995. The PRISMA-A and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to appraise and evaluate the certainty of evidence. Results: We found five SRs from which 19 RCTs were extracted. Five RCTs were added by the separate search resulting in a total of 25 RCTs (n=1248) which evaluated the efficacy of betahistine dihydrochloride, intratympanic injections with gentamicin or steroids, endolymphatic sac surgery and pressure pulse therapy. Evidence on the efficacy of interventions for patients with MD is generally of low certainty. Betahistine (48 mg per day and 144 mg per day) and positive pressure therapy probably do not reduce MD symptoms when compared with placebo. Intratympanic injection with gentamicin or steroids, or treatment with endolymphatic surgery may reduce symptoms in MD when compared with placebo. Conclusions: A definite effective and well-tolerated therapy for MD has yet to be discovered and information on the natural course of disease is one of the biggest flaws in current research. Prospero registration number: CRD4201502424.
3. Prolapse Surgery: What Kind of Antibiotic Prophylaxis Is Necessary?
Ester Illiano, Francesco Trama, Felice Crocetto, Gianluigi Califano, Achille Aveta, Gloria Motta, Antonio Luigi Pastore, Stefano Brancorsini, Consuelo Fabi, Elisabetta Costantini Urol Int. 2021;105(9-10):771-776. doi: 10.1159/000517788. Epub 2021 Jul 30.
Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess whether antibiotic prophylaxis or therapy is sufficient for laparoscopic or vaginal prolapse surgery with mesh. Methods: This is a single-center prospective study. The study was divided into 3 groups. Protocol A: metronidazole (15 mg/kg) and piperacillin-tazobactam (2 g) 1 h before surgery and, for postoperative treatment, gentamycin (160 mg) 1 h before surgery in a single dose. Metronidazole and piperacillin-tazobactam were administered until hospital discharge. Protocol B: gentamycin and piperacillin-tazobactam in the same manner as group A. Protocol C: clindamycin (600 mg) and gentamicin (160 mg) 1 h before surgery in a single dose. Results: We included 87 consecutive patients who underwent prolapse surgery involving mesh prostheses: 57 by the laparoscopic approach and 30 by the vaginal route. Of these, 30 patients were included in protocol A, 30 in protocol B, and 27 in protocol C. There were no statistically significant differences among the 3 protocols regarding any postoperative complications, except for urinary tract infections that were more in the vaginal approach than in the laparoscopic route, in protocol A (p = 0.002). Conclusions: One-shot prophylaxis can be successfully used in prolapse surgery regardless of the surgical approach.
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Bio Calculators
* Our calculator is based on the following equation:
Concentration (start) x Volume (start) = Concentration (final) x Volume (final)
It is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2
* Total Molecular Weight:
g/mol
Tip: Chemical formula is case sensitive. C22H30N4O √ c22h30n40 ╳
