Hormaomycin
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| Category | Antibiotics |
| Catalog number | BBF-00975 |
| CAS | 121548-21-8 |
| Molecular Weight | 1129.65 |
| Molecular Formula | C55H69ClN10O14 |
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Description
Hormaomycin is an ester peptide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces griseoflavus. It is a signal transmitting substance between cells, which interferes with the formation of some streptomyces gas hyphae and the production of secondary metabolites. It also has anti-Gram-positive bacteria effect.
Specification
| IUPAC Name | N-[(2S)-1-[[(3S,6S,9R,12S,15R,16R,19S,21R)-3-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-16-methyl-9-[[(1R,2R)-2-nitrocyclopropyl]methyl]-2,5,8,11,14,18-hexaoxo-6,12-bis[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-21-[(Z)-prop-1-enyl]-17-oxa-1,4,7,10,13-pentazabicyclo[17.3.0]docosan-15-yl]amino]-3-[(1R,2R)-2-nitrocyclopropyl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-5-chloro-1-hydroxypyrrole-2-carboxamide |
| Canonical SMILES | CCC(C)C1C(=O)N2CC(CC2C(=O)OC(C(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)N1)C(C)C3=CC=CC=C3)CC4CC4[N+](=O)[O-])C(C)C5=CC=CC=C5)NC(=O)C(CC6CC6[N+](=O)[O-])NC(=O)C7=CC=C(N7O)Cl)C)C=CC |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C55H69ClN10O14/c1-7-15-32-22-42-55(74)80-31(6)47(62-49(68)37(23-35-25-40(35)65(76)77)57-50(69)39-20-21-43(56)64(39)75)53(72)61-45(29(4)33-16-11-9-12-17-33)51(70)58-38(24-36-26-41(36)66(78)79)48(67)60-46(30(5)34-18-13-10-14-19-34)52(71)59-44(28(3)8-2)54(73)63(42)27-32/h7,9-21,28-32,35-38,40-42,44-47,75H,8,22-27H2,1-6H3,(H,57,69)(H,58,70)(H,59,71)(H,60,67)(H,61,72)(H,62,68)/b15-7-/t28-,29+,30+,31+,32-,35+,36+,37-,38+,40+,41+,42-,44-,45-,46-,47+/m0/s1 |
| InChI Key | YOUXQVRIWHZWQN-DKPCRMJRSA-N |
Properties
| Antibiotic Activity Spectrum | Gram-positive bacteria |
| Melting Point | 166-168°C |
| Density | 1.5±0.1 g/cm3 |
| Solubility | Soluble in Methanol, acetone and ethyl acetate |
Reference Reading
1. New Concept of the Biosynthesis of 4-Alkyl-L-Proline Precursors of Lincomycin, Hormaomycin, and Pyrrolobenzodiazepines: Could a γ-Glutamyltransferase Cleave the C-C Bond?
Petra Jiraskova, Radek Gazak, Zdenek Kamenik, Lucie Steiningerova, Lucie Najmanova, Stanislav Kadlcik, Jitka Novotna, Marek Kuzma, Jiri Janata Front Microbiol. 2016 Mar 7;7:276. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00276. eCollection 2016.
Structurally different and functionally diverse natural compounds - antitumour agents pyrrolo[1,4]benzodiazepines, bacterial hormone hormaomycin, and lincosamide antibiotic lincomycin - share a common building unit, 4-alkyl-L-proline derivative (APD). APDs arise from L-tyrosine through a special biosynthetic pathway. Its generally accepted scheme, however, did not comply with current state of knowledge. Based on gene inactivation experiments and in vitro functional tests with recombinant enzymes, we designed a new APD biosynthetic scheme for the model of lincomycin biosynthesis. In the new scheme at least one characteristic in each of five final biosynthetic steps has been changed: the order of reactions, assignment of enzymes and/or reaction mechanisms. First, we demonstrate that LmbW methylates a different substrate than previously assumed. Second, we propose a unique reaction mechanism for the next step, in which a putative γ-glutamyltransferase LmbA indirectly cleaves off the oxalyl residue by transient attachment of glutamate to LmbW product. This unprecedented mechanism would represent the first example of the C-C bond cleavage catalyzed by a γ-glutamyltransferase, i.e., an enzyme that appears unsuitable for such activity. Finally, the inactivation experiments show that LmbX is an isomerase indicating that it transforms its substrate into a compound suitable for reduction by LmbY, thereby facilitating its subsequent complete conversion to APD 4-propyl-L-proline. Elucidation of the APD biosynthesis has long time resisted mainly due to the apparent absence of relevant C-C bond cleaving enzymatic activity. Our proposal aims to unblock this situation not only for lincomycin biosynthesis, but generally for all above mentioned groups of bioactive natural products with biotechnological potential.
2. Tearing down to build up: Metalloenzymes in the biosynthesis lincomycin, hormaomycin and the pyrrolo [1,4]benzodiazepines
Keri L Colabroy Biochim Biophys Acta. 2016 Jun;1864(6):724-737. doi: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.03.001. Epub 2016 Mar 7.
The metabolic pathways for the production of lincomycin, hormaomycin and the antitumor pyrrolo [1,4] benzodiazepines share a vinyl substituted pyrroline carboxylic acid (3-vinyl-2,3-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid, VPCA) as a common intermediate. Biosynthesis of this vinyl substituted pyrroline carboxylic acid intermediate requires a short, three-enzyme pathway containing two metalloenzymes: a heme-dependent l-tyrosine hydroxylase and a non-heme Fe(2+) dependent l-DOPA dioxygenase. The l-tyrosine hydroxylase is an unprecedented type of peroxidase that specifically monohydroxylates tyrosine, while the l-DOPA extradiol cleaving enzyme is a single-domain vicinal-oxygen-chelate (VOC) dioxygenase. The dioxygenase product subsequently undergoes an, as yet uncharacterized, C-C bond cleavage reaction. This mini-pathway demonstrates the use of metal-dependent chemistry typically associated with natural product degradation in order to build a compact, functionalized building block for larger, bioactive molecules.
3. Hormaomycins B and C: New Antibiotic Cyclic Depsipeptides from a Marine Mudflat-Derived Streptomyces sp
Munhyung Bae, Beomkoo Chung, Ki-Bong Oh, Jongheon Shin, Dong-Chan Oh Mar Drugs. 2015 Aug 14;13(8):5187-200. doi: 10.3390/md13085187.
Alterations in microbial culture conditions may trigger the production of diverse bioactive secondary metabolites. While applying various culture conditions and monitoring secondary metabolite profiles using LC/MS, hormaomycins B and C (1 and 2) were discovered from a marine mudflat-derived actinomycete, Streptomyces sp., collected in Mohang, Korea. The planar structures of the hormaomycins, which bear structurally-unique units, such as 4-(Z)-propenylproline, 3-(2-nitrocyclopropyl)alanine, 5-chloro-1-hydroxypyrrol-2-carboxylic acid and b-methylphenylalanine, were established as the first natural analogues belonging to the hormaomycin peptide class. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were deduced by comparing their CD spectra with that of hormaomycin. These hormaomycins exhibited significant inhibitory effects against various pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Bio Calculators
* Our calculator is based on the following equation:
Concentration (start) x Volume (start) = Concentration (final) x Volume (final)
It is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2
* Total Molecular Weight:
g/mol
Tip: Chemical formula is case sensitive. C22H30N4O √ c22h30n40 ╳
