HT-2 toxin
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| Category | Mycotoxins |
| Catalog number | BBF-01723 |
| CAS | 26934-87-2 |
| Molecular Weight | 424.48 |
| Molecular Formula | C22H32O8 |
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Description
HT-2 toxin is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium sp. Symptoms of poisoning are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and leukopenia. The acute toxicity is lower than trichothecene.
Specification
| Synonyms | Mycotoxin HT 2; Toxin HT 2 |
| Storage | Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°CUse the original container to store the product.Keep the lid tightly closed. |
| IUPAC Name | [(1S,2R,4S,7R,9R,10R,11S,12S)-2-(acetyloxymethyl)-10,11-dihydroxy-1,5-dimethylspiro[8-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.02,7]dodec-5-ene-12,2'-oxirane]-4-yl] 3-methylbutanoate |
| Canonical SMILES | CC1=CC2C(CC1OC(=O)CC(C)C)(C3(C(C(C(C34CO4)O2)O)O)C)COC(=O)C |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C22H32O8/c1-11(2)6-16(24)29-14-8-21(9-27-13(4)23)15(7-12(14)3)30-19-17(25)18(26)20(21,5)22(19)10-28-22/h7,11,14-15,17-19,25-26H,6,8-10H2,1-5H3/t14-,15+,17+,18+,19+,20+,21+,22-/m0/s1 |
| InChI Key | PNKLMTPXERFKEN-MLXHEQMXSA-N |
| Source | Trichothecenes are produced on many different grains like wheat, oats or maize by various Fusarium species such as F. graminearum, F. sporotrichioides, F. poae and F. equiseti. |
Properties
| Appearance | Light Yellow Oil |
| Application | This product is used as a reference standard in quantitative analysis of food stuffs. |
| Boiling Point | 537.1°C at 760 mmHg |
| Density | 1.3 g/cm3 |
Toxicity
| Carcinogenicity | No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). |
| Mechanism Of Toxicity | HT-2 toxin is a trichothecene mycotoxin. Unlike many other mycotoxins, trichothecenes do not require metabolic activation to exert their biological activity, instead directly reacting with cellular components. Trichothecenes are cytotoxic to most eukaryotic cells due to their powerful ability to inhibit protein synthesis. They do this by freely moving across the plasma membrane and binding specifically to ribosomes with high-affinity. Specifically, they interfere with the active site of peptidyl transferase at the 3'-end of large 28S ribosomal RNA and inhibit the initiation, elongation or termination step of protein synthesis, as well as cause polyribosomal disaggregation. Protein synthesis is an essential function in all tissues, but tissues where cells are actively and rapidly growing and dividing are very susceptible to the toxins. Additionally, binding to ribosomes is thought to activate proteins in downstream signalling events related to immune response and apoptosis, such as mitogen-activated protein kinases. This is known as ribotoxic stress response. Trichothecenes may also induce some alterations in membrane structure, leading to increased lipid peroxidation and inhibition of electron transport activity in the mitochondria. They can further induce apoptosis through generation of reactive oxygen species. Further secondary effects of trichothecenes include inhibition of RNA and DNA synthesis, and also inhibition of mitosis. |
| Toxicity | LD50: 9.0 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse). |
Reference Reading
1.Determination of T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, and three other type A trichothecenes in layer feed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-comparison of two sample preparation methods.
Bernhardt K1,2, Valenta H1, Kersten S1, Humpf HU2, Dänicke S3. Mycotoxin Res. 2016 May;32(2):89-97. doi: 10.1007/s12550-016-0244-z. Epub 2016 Mar 4.
A sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, neosolaniol, T-2 triol, and T-2 tetraol in layer feed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry in the positive ionization mode (LC-ESI-MS/MS) is described. Two fast and easy clean-up methods-with BondElut Mycotoxin and MycoSep 227 columns, respectively-were tested. The separation of the toxins was conducted on a Pursuit XRs Ultra 2.8 HPLC column using 0.13 mM ammonium acetate as eluent A and methanol as eluent B. Detection of the mycotoxins was carried out in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode using ammonium adducts as precursor ions. Quantification of all analytes was performed with d3-T-2 toxin as an internal standard. The clean-up method with MycoSep 227 columns gave slightly better results for layer feed compared to the method using BondElut Mycotoxin columns (MycoSep 227: recovery between 50 and 63 %, BondElut Mycotoxin: recovery between 32 and 67 %) and was therefore chosen as the final method.
2.Toxicity and oxidative stress induced by T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin in broilers and broiler hepatocytes.
Yang L1, Yu Z2, Hou J3, Deng Y1, Zhou Z1, Zhao Z1, Cui J1. Food Chem Toxicol. 2016 Jan;87:128-37. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.12.003. Epub 2015 Dec 10.
T-2 and HT-2 toxins belong to mycotoxins which are found in human foods and animal chow. We investigated the toxicity and oxidative stress induced by T-2/HT-2 in broilers and chicken hepatocytes. Maize cultures of Fusarium poae was fed to broilers for 42 d, and the physiological index, biochemical index and expression of mRNAs related to oxidative stress were analyzed. Chicken hepatocytes were treated with different levels of T-2/HT-2, and the following parameters were detected: cell viability, GSH and MDA concentration, LDH leakage, activities of ALT/AST, ROS, GSH-PX, SOD and CAT, and expression of mRNA related to oxidative stress. In vivo, high levels of mycotoxins (4 mg/kg T-2 and 0.667 mg/kg HT-2) in feed caused significant reductions in body weight, weight gain, and serum total protein, and significant increases in feed conversion ratio, ALP, ALT/AST activities, and expression of mRNA related to oxidative stress. In vitro, cells treated with T-2/HT-2 showed reductions of GSH concentration and significant increases in LDH leakage, ALT/AST ROS, GSH-PX, SOD and CAT activities, MDA concentration, and expression of mRNA related to oxidative stress.
Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive
Experimental Conditions
Ionization Mode: Positive
Ionization Energy: 70 eV
Chromatography Type: Gas Chromatography Column (GC)
Instrument Type: Single quadrupole, spectrum predicted by CFM-ID(EI)
Mass Resolution: 0.0001 Da
Molecular Formula: C22H32O8
Molecular Weight (Monoisotopic Mass): 424.2097 Da
Molecular Weight (Avergae Mass): 424.4847 Da
Ionization Energy: 70 eV
Chromatography Type: Gas Chromatography Column (GC)
Instrument Type: Single quadrupole, spectrum predicted by CFM-ID(EI)
Mass Resolution: 0.0001 Da
Molecular Formula: C22H32O8
Molecular Weight (Monoisotopic Mass): 424.2097 Da
Molecular Weight (Avergae Mass): 424.4847 Da
Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive
Experimental Conditions
Ionization Mode: Positive
Collision Energy: 10 eV
Instrument Type: QTOF (generic), spectrum predicted by CFM-ID
Mass Resolution: 0.0001 Da
Molecular Formula: C22H32O8
Molecular Weight (Monoisotopic Mass): 424.2097 Da
Molecular Weight (Avergae Mass): 424.4847 Da
Collision Energy: 10 eV
Instrument Type: QTOF (generic), spectrum predicted by CFM-ID
Mass Resolution: 0.0001 Da
Molecular Formula: C22H32O8
Molecular Weight (Monoisotopic Mass): 424.2097 Da
Molecular Weight (Avergae Mass): 424.4847 Da
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Bio Calculators
* Our calculator is based on the following equation:
Concentration (start) x Volume (start) = Concentration (final) x Volume (final)
It is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2
* Total Molecular Weight:
g/mol
Tip: Chemical formula is case sensitive. C22H30N4O √ c22h30n40 ╳
