Hydramycin
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| Category | Antibiotics |
| Catalog number | BBF-00979 |
| CAS | |
| Molecular Weight | 408.36 |
| Molecular Formula | C22H16O8 |
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Description
Hydramycin is an anti-tumor antibiotic produced by Streptomyces purpurea P950-4. It has activity against Gram-positive bacteria. It inhibits B16-F10, Moser and HCT-116 cells with IC50s (μg/mL) of 0.0009, 0.0046 and 0.0026, respectively, which is 300-600 times that of mitomycin C. It has a broad anti-cancer spectrum and has a moderate effect on P388 leukemia, with a T/C of 145%.
Specification
| IUPAC Name | 2-[1,2-dihydroxy-1-(oxiran-2-yl)ethyl]-11-hydroxy-5-methylnaphtho[2,3-h]chromene-4,7,12-trione |
| Canonical SMILES | CC1=CC2=C(C3=C1C(=O)C=C(O3)C(CO)(C4CO4)O)C(=O)C5=C(C2=O)C=CC=C5O |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C22H16O8/c1-9-5-11-18(20(27)17-10(19(11)26)3-2-4-12(17)24)21-16(9)13(25)6-14(30-21)22(28,8-23)15-7-29-15/h2-6,15,23-24,28H,7-8H2,1H3 |
| InChI Key | WZNWUDKIQDIRSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Properties
| Appearance | Orange Yellow Powder |
| Antibiotic Activity Spectrum | Gram-positive bacteria; Neoplastics (Tumor) |
| Boiling Point | 762.6°C at 760 mmHg |
| Melting Point | 255°C(dec.) |
| Density | 1.63 g/cm3 |
Reference Reading
1. Minocycline and Doxycycline: More Than Antibiotics
Sher Singh, Deepa Khanna, Sanjeev Kalra Curr Mol Pharmacol. 2021;14(6):1046-1065. doi: 10.2174/1874467214666210210122628.
Minocycline and doxycycline both are second-generation tetracycline antibiotics with similar chemical structures and comparable antibacterial spectrum. Minocycline has also emerged as the tetracycline of choice for multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections, although doxycycline has also shown the activity. Minocycline showed promising results in experimental neurology, which was due to its highly lipophilic nature. It is clinically safe and effective adjunct to antipsychotic medications. The objective of the current review is to provide clinical and preclinical, non-antibiotic uses of minocycline as well as doxycycline. Relevant literature covers antibiotic actions but is more specifically concerned with the non-antibiotic biological aspect of tetracyclines. Non-antibiotic biological effects for both the antibiotics were identified through searching relevant databases including: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to 2020, using the keywords 'minocycline and doxycycline'. Anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic neuroprotective, immunomodulatory and the number of other non-antibiotic effects were compiled for minocycline and doxycycline.
2. Doxycycline as Potential Anti-cancer Agent
Isra Ali, Khalid O Alfarouk, Stephan J Reshkin, Muntaser E Ibrahim Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2017;17(12):1617-1623. doi: 10.2174/1871520617666170213111951.
Cancer cells do create hostile microenvironment (deprivation of nutrients, accumulation of acidity, anoxic habitat). Those cells are not only adapted to this sanctuary environment, blunting of immunity but also, grow, migrate to the distal area (metastasis) and communicate with each other in a unique population structure and organization too (clonal expansion). The adaptation requirements push those types of adaptable cells (cancer cells) to be primitive cells. The prevailing pharmacological approach in treating cancer is developing a chemotherapeutic agent that acts on rapidly proliferating cells that are stuck with normally growing epithelium and bone marrow too. The latter approach has been drafted to work on cellular target under the term of "targeted therapy" believing that each target represents Achilles Heels of cancer. In this article, we try to introduce a new concept of cancer pharmacology, by offering new off-label use of Doxycycline, which is characterized by selective toxicity, as potential anticancer agents. This notion is relying on the absence of taxonomic barriers.
3. Doxycycline, salinomycin, monensin and ivermectin repositioned as cancer drugs
Anna Markowska, Joanna Kaysiewicz, Janina Markowska, Adam Huczyński Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2019 Jul 1;29(13):1549-1554. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.04.045. Epub 2019 Apr 27.
Chemotherapy is one of the standard methods for the treatment of malignant tumors. It aims to cause lethal damage to cellular structures, mainly DNA. Noteworthy, in recent years discoveries of novel anticancer agents from well-known antibiotics have opened up new treatment pathways for several cancer diseases. The aim of this review article is to describe new applications for the following antibiotics: doxycycline (DOX), salinomycin (SAL), monensin (MON) and ivermectin (IVR) as they are known to show anti-tumor activity, but have not yet been introduced into standard oncological therapy. To date, these agents have been used for the treatment of a broad-spectrum of bacterial and parasitic infectious diseases and are widely available, which is why they were selected. The data presented here clearly show that the antibiotics mentioned above should be recognised in the near future as novel agents able to eradicate cancer cells and cancer stem cells (CSCs) across several cancer types.
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Bio Calculators
* Our calculator is based on the following equation:
Concentration (start) x Volume (start) = Concentration (final) x Volume (final)
It is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2
* Total Molecular Weight:
g/mol
Tip: Chemical formula is case sensitive. C22H30N4O √ c22h30n40 ╳
