Monensin A
* Please be kindly noted products are not for therapeutic use. We do not sell to patients.
| Category | Antibiotics |
| Catalog number | BBF-02560 |
| CAS | 17090-79-8 |
| Molecular Weight | 670.87 |
| Molecular Formula | C36H62O11 |
| Purity | >95% by HPLC |
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Description
Monensin A is an oxygen-containing heterocyclic polyether antibiotic produced by Str. cinnamonensis. It has antibacterial, mycobacterial, fungal and protozoan activity, but it has a weaker effect on gram-negative bacteria and has an inhibitory effect on HeLa cells.
Specification
| Synonyms | Monensic acid; monensin; Monensina; Monensinum |
| Storage | Store at -20°C |
| IUPAC Name | (2S,3R,4S)-4-[(2S,5R,7S,8R,9S)-2-[(2R,5S)-5-ethyl-5-[(2R,3S,5R)-5-[(2S,3S,5R,6R)-6-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-yl]-3-methyloxolan-2-yl]oxolan-2-yl]-7-hydroxy-2,8-dimethyl-1,10-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-9-yl]-3-methoxy-2-methylpentanoic acid |
| Canonical SMILES | CCC1(CCC(O1)C2(CCC3(O2)CC(C(C(O3)C(C)C(C(C)C(=O)O)OC)C)O)C)C4C(CC(O4)C5C(CC(C(O5)(CO)O)C)C)C |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C36H62O11/c1-10-34(31-20(3)16-26(43-31)28-19(2)15-21(4)36(41,18-37)46-28)12-11-27(44-34)33(8)13-14-35(47-33)17-25(38)22(5)30(45-35)23(6)29(42-9)24(7)32(39)40/h19-31,37-38,41H,10-18H2,1-9H3,(H,39,40)/t19-,20-,21+,22+,23-,24-,25-,26+,27+,28-,29+,30-,31+,33-,34-,35+,36-/m0/s1 |
| InChI Key | GAOZTHIDHYLHMS-KEOBGNEYSA-N |
| Source | Streptomyces sp. |
Properties
| Appearance | White solid |
| Antibiotic Activity Spectrum | Gram-positive bacteria; Gram-negative bacteria; fungi; mycobacteria; neoplastics (Tumor); viruses; parasites |
| Boiling Point | 766.3°C at 760 mmHg |
| Melting Point | 103-105°C |
| Density | 1.21 g/cm3 |
| Solubility | Soluble in Methanol, Ether |
Reference Reading
1.Long-term monensin supplementation does not significantly affect the quantity or diversity of methanogens in the rumen of the lactating dairy cow.
Hook SE1, Northwood KS, Wright AD, McBride BW. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009 Jan;75(2):374-80. doi: 10.1128/AEM.01672-08. Epub 2008 Nov 21.
A long-term monensin supplementation trial involving lactating dairy cattle was conducted to determine the effect of monensin on the quantity and diversity of rumen methanogens in vivo. Fourteen cows were paired on the basis of days in milk and parity and allocated to one of two treatment groups, receiving (i) a control total mixed ration (TMR) or (ii) a TMR with 24 mg of monensin premix/kg of diet dry matter. Rumen fluid was obtained using an ororuminal probe on day -15 (baseline) and days 20, 90, and 180 following treatment. Throughout the 6-month experiment, the quantity of rumen methanogens was not significantly affected by monensin supplementation, as measured by quantitative real-time PCR. The diversity of the rumen methanogen population was investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and 16S rRNA clone gene libraries. DGGE analysis at each sampling point indicated that the molecular diversity of rumen methanogens from monensin-treated cattle was not significantly different from that of rumen methanogens from control cattle.
2.Mitigation of in vitro hydrogen sulfide production using bismuth subsalicylate with and without monensin in beef feedlot diets.
Ruiz-Moreno M, Binversie E, Fessenden SW, Stern MD. J Anim Sci. 2015 Nov;93(11):5346-54. doi: 10.2527/jas.2015-9392.
The objective of this study was to determine if a sulfur binder, bismuth subsalicylate (BSS), alone or combined with monensin (MON) could decrease the production of HS by rumen microbes. In Exp. 1, two 24-h batch culture incubations were conducted using a substrate consisting of 50% corn, 40% distillers grains, 9.75% hay, and 0.25% mineral premix, on a DM basis. Five treatments including BSS concentrations of 0% (control), 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 4% of DM were assigned in 5 replicates to 120-mL serum bottles containing rumen fluid, buffer, and 0.5 g of dietary substrate. Addition of 2% and 4% BSS decreased ( < 0.05) gas production, whereas all concentrations of BSS reduced ( < 0.05) HS production by 18%, 24%, 82%, and 99% for 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 4% BSS, respectively. Final pH increased ( < 0.05) with 2% and 4% BSS treatments. At 4% of DM, BSS decreased ( < 0.05) total VFA concentration (m) and propionate (mol/100 mol) but increased acetate (mol/100 mol) and acetate to propionate ratio.
3.Monensin toxicity in preruminant dairy heifers.
Gabor LJ1, Downing GM. Aust Vet J. 2003 Aug;81(8):476-8.
Four-to six-week-old calves from a seasonal dairy herd in North Western Tasmania were presented for veterinary attention due to the occurrence of sudden deaths. Necropsy examination of one of the calves revealed several small pale foci of 1 cm diameter on the epicardium. Mortalities were found to be caused by monensin that was added to the milk diet as part of a vitamin/mineral commercial premix that also controlled coccidiosis. No cases of monensin toxicity in preruminant calves have been previously documented, although there have been numerous reports in older cattle and other species.
4.Long-term effects of feeding monensin on methane production in lactating dairy cows.
Odongo NE1, Bagg R, Vessie G, Dick P, Or-Rashid MM, Hook SE, Gray JT, Kebreab E, France J, McBride BW. J Dairy Sci. 2007 Apr;90(4):1781-8.
The objective of this study was to determine the long-term effects of feeding monensin on methane (CH4) production in lactating dairy cows. Twenty-four lactating Holstein dairy cows (1.46 +/- 0.17 parity; 620 +/- 5.9 kg of live weight; 92.5 +/- 2.62 d in milk) housed in a tie-stall facility were used in the study. The study was conducted as paired comparisons in a completely randomized design with repeated measurements in a color-coded, double-blind experiment. The cows were paired by parity and days in milk and allocated to 1 of 2 treatments: 1) the regular milking cow total mixed ration (TMR) with a forage-to-concentrate ratio of 60:40 (control TMR; placebo premix) vs. a medicated TMR (monensin TMR; regular TMR + 24 mg of Rumensin Premix/kg of dry matter) fed ad libitum. The animals were fed and milked twice daily (feeding at 0830 and 1300 h; milking at 0500 and 1500 h) and CH4 production was measured prior to introducing the treatments and monthly thereafter for 6 mo using an open-circuit indirect calorimetry system.
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Bio Calculators
* Our calculator is based on the following equation:
Concentration (start) x Volume (start) = Concentration (final) x Volume (final)
It is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2
* Total Molecular Weight:
g/mol
Tip: Chemical formula is case sensitive. C22H30N4O √ c22h30n40 ╳
