Parietinic acid
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| Category | Others |
| Catalog number | BBF-05004 |
| CAS | 17636-18-9 |
| Molecular Weight | 314.25 |
| Molecular Formula | C16H10O7 |
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Specification
| Synonyms | Parietic acid; AGN-PC-00AILM |
| IUPAC Name | 4,5-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-carboxylic acid |
| Canonical SMILES | COC1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C=C(C=C3O)C(=O)O |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C16H10O7/c1-23-7-4-9-13(11(18)5-7)15(20)12-8(14(9)19)2-6(16(21)22)3-10(12)17/h2-5,17-18H,1H3,(H,21,22) |
| InChI Key | HEULMVKOOVHXME-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Reference Reading
1. Two novel cyanobacterial α-dioxygenases for the biosynthesis of fatty aldehydes
In Jung Kim, Yannik Brack, Thomas Bayer, Uwe T Bornscheuer Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2022 Jan;106(1):197-210. doi: 10.1007/s00253-021-11724-x. Epub 2021 Dec 9.
α-Dioxygenases (α-DOXs) are known as plant enzymes involved in the α-oxidation of fatty acids through which fatty aldehydes, with a high commercial value as flavor and fragrance compounds, are synthesized as products. Currently, little is known about α-DOXs from non-plant organisms. The phylogenic analysis reported here identified a substantial number of α-DOX enzymes across various taxa. Here, we report the functional characterization and Escherichia coli whole-cell application of two novel α-DOXs identified from cyanobacteria: CalDOX from Calothrix parietina and LepDOX from Leptolyngbya sp. The catalytic behavior of the recombinantly expressed CalDOX and LepDOX revealed that they are heme-dependent like plant α-DOXs but exhibit activities toward medium carbon fatty acids ranging from C10 to C14 unlike plant α-DOXs. The in-depth molecular investigation of cyanobacterial α-DOXs and their application in an E. coli whole system employed in this study is useful not only for the understanding of the molecular function of α-DOXs, but also for their industrial utilization in fatty aldehyde biosynthesis.Key points· Two novel α-dioxygenases from Cyanobacteria are reported· Both enzymes prefer medium-chain fatty acids· Both enzymes are useful for fatty aldehyde biosynthesis.
2. Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Compounds Isolated from Tunisian Lichens Species
Mohamed Mendili, Ayda Khadhri, Jouda Mediouni-Ben Jemâa, Anna Andolfi, Immacolata Tufano, Samira Aschi-Smiti, Marina DellaGreca Chem Biodivers. 2022 Aug;19(8):e202200134. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202200134. Epub 2022 Jul 15.
The lichen's special symbiotic structure enables it to produce bioactive substances. They have historically been recognized for their aesthetic and medicinal benefits. Furthermore, in recent years, they have performed in various fields, including perfumery, dyeing, and pharmacology due to their rich secondary metabolites. From our study, four compounds were isolated from organic extracts of Parmotrema hypoleucinum, Roccella phycopsis, and Xanthoria parietina and identified by spectroscopic investigation as atranorin, (+)-iso-usnic acid, methyl orsellinate, and parietin, respectively. The anti-inflammatory effects of lichens extracts, and pure compounds were evaluated on RAW 264.7 macrophages cells at different concentrations. At 25 μg/mL all treated samples did not show any effect on cell viability. Atranorin and (+)-iso-usnic acid showed an inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO) levels in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. Nitric oxide (NO) production was measured using Griess reagent, atranorin and (+)-iso-usnic acid showed a high anti-inflammatory potential (75.99 % and 57.27 % at 25 μg/mL). On the other hand, methyl orsellinate and the organic extracts of three lichens showed good anti-inflammatory activity ranging from 29.16 % at 25 μg/mL to 86.91 % at 100 μg/mL.
3. Effects of wood distillate (pyroligneous acid) on sensitive bioindicators (lichen and moss)
Zuzana Fačkovcová, Andrea Vannini, Fabrizio Monaci, Martina Grattacaso, Luca Paoli, Stefano Loppi Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2020 Nov;204:111117. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111117. Epub 2020 Aug 12.
Wood distillate (pyroligneous acid) can be successfully applied in agriculture to increase crop quality and productivity with a lower risk for the environment respect to synthetic chemical herbicides, pesticides or fertilizers. However, the effects of wood distillate on the environment and biota are still under investigation, depending on biological attributes of potentially influenced organisms. The potential toxicological effects of wood distillate on sensitive non-target organisms, lichens and mosses, are studied for the first time. The physiological parameters (chlorophyll a fluorescence emission FV/FM and PI(ABS), chlorophyll content, spectral reflectance, antioxidant power, and dehydrogenase activity) and eventual bioaccumulation of selected elements (As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn) were investigated in the lichen Xanthoria parietina and the moss Hypnum cupressiforme after short-term treatments over a range of wood distillate solutions (1:300, 1:500, 1:700) to detect potential early stress responses. Overall, the lichen did not show changes after the treatments, while in the moss wood distillate caused only modest alterations in FV/FM and PI(ABS) and progressive increasing of antioxidant activity according to the dose supplied. The bioaccumulation of toxic elements was low and did not show any pattern of uptake with increasing concentrations of wood distillate.
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Bio Calculators
* Our calculator is based on the following equation:
Concentration (start) x Volume (start) = Concentration (final) x Volume (final)
It is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2
* Total Molecular Weight:
g/mol
Tip: Chemical formula is case sensitive. C22H30N4O √ c22h30n40 ╳
