Penitrem A
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Category | Mycotoxins |
Catalog number | BBF-04646 |
CAS | 12627-35-9 |
Molecular Weight | 634.20 |
Molecular Formula | C37H44ClNO6 |
Purity | >99% by HPLC |
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Capabilities & Facilities
Fermentation Lab
4 R&D and scale-up labs
2 Preparative purification labs
Fermentation Plant
Semi pilot, pilot and industrial plant 4 Manufacturing sites 7 Production lines at pilot scale 100+ Reactors of 30-4000 L; 170+ reactors of 20 KL-30 KL; 24+ reactors of >100 KL 2 Hydrogenation reactors (200 L, 4Mpa and 1000L, 4Mpa)
Product Description
A tremorgenic mycotoxin isolated from penicillium species. It is a selective blocker of high-conductance ca2+-activated potassium channels.
- Specification
- Properties
- Toxicity
- Reference Reading
- Spectrum
- Price Product List
Synonyms | Tremortin A; (2R,3S,3aR,4aS,4bS,6aR,7S,7dR,8R,9aR,14bS,14cR,16aS)-12-chloro-3,3a,6a,8,9,9a,10,11,14,14b,14c,15,16,16a-tetradecahydro-14b,14c,17,17-tetramethyl-10-methylene-2-(1-methylethenyl)-7,8-(epoxymethano)-2H,6H-cyclobuta[5,6]benz[1,2-e]oxireno[4',4'a]-1-benzopyrano[5',6':6,7]indeno[1,2-b]indole-3,4b,7d(5H,7H)-triol; NSC 354845 |
Storage | Store at -20°C under inert atmosphere |
IUPAC Name | (1S,2R,5S,6S,8R,9S,10R,12S,15R,16S,25R,27S,28R)-21-chloro-15,16,33,33-tetramethyl-24-methylidene-10-prop-1-en-2-yl-7,11,32-trioxa-18-azadecacyclo[25.4.2.02,16.05,15.06,8.06,12.017,31.019,30.022,29.025,28]tritriaconta-17(31),19,21,29-tetraene-5,9,28-triol |
Canonical SMILES | CC(=C)C1C(C2C3(O2)C(O1)CCC4(C3(CCC5C4(C6=C7C5OC(C8CC9C8(C1=C7C(=CC(=C1CC9=C)Cl)N6)O)(C)C)C)O)C)O |
InChI | InChI=1S/C37H44ClNO6/c1-15(2)28-27(40)31-37(45-31)23(43-28)9-10-33(6)34(7)18(8-11-35(33,37)41)29-25-24-21(39-30(25)34)14-20(38)17-12-16(3)19-13-22(32(4,5)44-29)36(19,42)26(17)24/h14,18-19,22-23,27-29,31,39-42H,1,3,8-13H2,2,4-7H3/t18-,19+,22+,23-,27-,28+,29-,31+,33+,34+,35-,36+,37-/m0/s1 |
InChI Key | JDUWHZOLEDOQSR-JKPSMKLGSA-N |
Source | Penitrem A is produced by certain species of Aspergillus, Claviceps, and Penicillium. |
Appearance | Off-white to Light Yellow Solid |
Melting Point | 238°C |
Density | 1.44 g/cm3 |
Solubility | Soluble in Ethanol, Methanol, DMF, DMSO, Acetone; Poorly soluble in Water |
Carcinogenicity | No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). |
Mechanism Of Toxicity | Penitrem A is a tremorgenic toxin. Tremorgenic mycotoxins exert their toxic effects by interfering with neurotransmitter release, possibly by causing degeneration of nerve terminals. They are thought to inhibit gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, both pre- and postsynaptic, as well as inhibit transmitter breakdown at the GABA-T receptors. This would initially increase neurotransmitter levels, potentiating the GABA-induced chloride current, then lead to decreased levels of neurotransmitter in the synapse. Penitrem A is also know to increase the spontaneous release of the neurotransmitters glutamate and aspartate from cerebrocortical synaptosomes. In addition, it inhibits presynaptic high-conductance Ca+2 activated maxi-K+ channels in the smooth muscle. Penitrem A is also genotoxic and causes DNA damage. |
Toxicity | LD50: 10 mg/kg (Oral, Mouse); LD50: 1.1 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse). |
Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive

Experimental Conditions
Collision Energy: 10 eV
Instrument Type: QTOF (generic), spectrum predicted by CFM-ID
Mass Resolution: 0.0001 Da
Molecular Formula: C37H44ClNO6
Molecular Weight (Monoisotopic Mass): 633.2857 Da
Molecular Weight (Avergae Mass): 634.201 Da
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Bio Calculators
* Our calculator is based on the following equation:
Concentration (start) x Volume (start) = Concentration (final) x Volume (final)
It is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2
