Sparfloxacin

Ophthalmic nanosuspensions (ONS) have shown a potential for ophthalmic delivery over the conventional ocular formulations. The objective of the study was to assess the effect of surfactants and polymers on particle size and drug release. Sparfloxacin ONS were prepared by optimizing the concentration of HPMC E5 and water soluble chitosan by using solvent diffusion method followed by probe sonication. The Poloxamer 407 and Kolliphor P188 were used as a surfactant. The produced nanosuspensions were characterized for particle size, shape, zeta potential and drug release. The average particle size of the nanosuspension was 300 to 500 nm. The in vitro drug release study showed that the optimized nanosuspension of water soluble chitosan sustained drug release up to 9 h compared to 6 h for the hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) nanosuspension. Further, the sparfloxacin ONS formulation showed excellent ocular tolerance and biocompatibility as determined by hen's egg test chorioallantoic membrane (HET CAM) and resazurin assay on Vero cell lines.

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a very common health problem and Escherichia coli (E coli) are the most common organisms associated with community acquired UTI. Unfortunately these bacteria have developed extensive resistance against most of the commonly used antibacterials. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and resistance pattern of E. Coli in patients of community acquired UTI in an area in northern part of Pakistan.

The syntheses and crystal structures of 0.25-aqua-(benzene-1,4-di-carboxyl-ato-κ(2) O,O')bis-(sparfloxacin-κ(2) O,O')manganese(II) dihydrate, [Mn(C8H4O4)(C19H22F2N4O3)2(H2O)0.25]·2H2O or [Mn(bdc)(Hspar)2(H2O)0.25]·2H2O, (I), and bis-(sparfloxacin-κ(2) O,O')copper(II) benzene-1,4-di-carboxyl-ate dihydrate, [Cu(C19H22F2N4O3)2](C8H4O4)·2H2O or [Cu(Hspar)2](bdc)·2H2O, (II), are reported (Hspar = sparfloxacin and bdc = benzene-1,4-di-carboxyl-ate). The Mn(2+) ion in (I) is coordinated by two O,O'-bidentate Hspar neutral mol-ecules (which exist as zwitterions) and an O,O'-bidentate bdc dianion to generate a distorted MnO6 trigonal prism. A very long bond [2.580 (12) Å] from the Mn(2+) ion to a 0.25-occupied water mol-ecule projects through a square face of the prism. In (II), the Cu(2+) ion lies on a crystallographic inversion centre and a CuO4 square-planar geometry arises from its coordination by two O,O'-bidentate Hspar mol-ecules. The bdc dianion acts as a counter-ion to the cationic complex and does not bond to the metal ion.

In this paper we present a first insight into the cytotoxic action mode of copper(i) iodide or copper(i) thiocyanate complexes with a phosphine derivative of sparfloxacin (a 3(rd) generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic agent) and 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline or 2,2'-biquinoline as auxiliary ligands. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of the new complexes was tested against two cancer cell lines (CT26 - mouse colon carcinoma and A549 - human lung adenocarcinoma). An ICP-MS study revealed a marked time-dependent intracellular copper accumulation of the tested compounds. In addition, confocal microscopy imaging showed accumulation of the complexes inside whole cells and their emission of blue light. The complexes generate reactive oxygen species in the cancer cells, which was examined by using two different fluorescent probes. Moreover, (i) DNA intercalation studied by luminescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism and molecular docking, and (ii) plasmid DNA damage also demonstrate their significant cytotoxicity.