Virginiamycin
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| Category | Antibiotics |
| Catalog number | BBF-03795 |
| CAS | 11006-76-1 |
| Molecular Weight | 1349.48 |
| Molecular Formula | C71H84N10O17 |
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Description
Virginiamycin complex contains two streptogramin antibiotics, virginiamycin M1 (75%) and virginiamycin S1 (25%). It is an antibiotic used primarily in the treatment of staphylococcal infections, and to a less extent streptococcal infections.
Specification
| Synonyms | Pristinamycin |
| Storage | Store at -20°C |
| IUPAC Name | N-[(3S,6S,12R,15S,16R,19S,22S)-3-benzyl-12-ethyl-4,16-dimethyl-2,5,11,14,18,21,24-heptaoxo-19-phenyl-17-oxa-1,4,10,13,20-pentazatricyclo[20.4.0.06,10]hexacosan-15-yl]-3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxamide;(10R,11R,12E,17E,19E,21S)-21-hydroxy-11,19-dimethyl-10-propan-2-yl-9,26-dioxa-3,15,28-triazatricyclo[23.2.1.03,7]octacosa-1(27),6,12,17,19,25(28)-hexaene-2,8,14,23-tetrone |
| Canonical SMILES | CCC1C(=O)N2CCCC2C(=O)N(C(C(=O)N3CCC(=O)CC3C(=O)NC(C(=O)OC(C(C(=O)N1)NC(=O)C4=C(C=CC=N4)O)C)C5=CC=CC=C5)CC6=CC=CC=C6)C.CC1C=CC(=O)NCC=CC(=CC(CC(=O)CC2=NC(=CO2)C(=O)N3CCC=C3C(=O)OC1C(C)C)O)C |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C43H49N7O10.C28H35N3O7/c1-4-29-40(56)49-21-12-17-30(49)41(57)48(3)32(23-26-13-7-5-8-14-26)42(58)50-22-19-28(51)24-31(50)37(53)47-35(27-15-9-6-10-16-27)43(59)60-25(2)34(38(54)45-29)46-39(55)36-33(52)18-11-20-44-36;1-17(2)26-19(4)9-10-24(34)29-11-5-7-18(3)13-20(32)14-21(33)15-25-30-22(16-37-25)27(35)31-12-6-8-23(31)28(36)38-26/h5-11,13-16,18,20,25,29-32,34-35,52H,4,12,17,19,21-24H2,1-3H3,(H,45,54)(H,46,55)(H,47,53);5,7-10,13,16-17,19-20,26,32H,6,11-12,14-15H2,1-4H3,(H,29,34)/b;7-5+,10-9+,18-13+/t25-,29-,30+,31+,32+,34+,35+;19-,20-,26-/m11/s1 |
| InChI Key | MVTQIFVKRXBCHS-SMMNFGSLSA-N |
| Source | Streptomyces sp. |
Properties
| Appearance | White Solid |
| Application | Anti-bacterial agents |
| Melting Point | 170-178°C |
| Solubility | Soluble in DMF, DMSO |
Reference Reading
1.Drug use and antimicrobial resistance among Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. isolates from chicken and turkey flocks slaughtered in Quebec, Canada.
Boulianne M1, Arsenault J1, Daignault D1, Archambault M1, Letellier A1, Dutil L1. Can J Vet Res. 2016 Jan;80(1):49-59.
in
English, FrenchUne étude observationnelle portant sur des élevages de poulets et de dindons abattus dans des usines de transformation sous inspection fédérale situées dans la province de Québec (Canada) a été réalisée. Les objectifs étaient d’estimer la prévalence d’utilisation de médicaments au couvoir et en ferme, la prévalence de résistance aux antimicrobiens dans des isolats caecaux d’Escherichia coli et d’Enterococcus spp. et les facteurs associés à l’antibiorésistance (ABR). Quatre-vingt-deux élevages de poulets de chair et 59 élevages de dindons ont été échantillonnés. Au couvoir, l’antimicrobien le plus fréquemment utilisé était le ceftiofur chez les poulets (76 % des élevages) et la spectinomycine chez les dindons (42 % des élevages). La virginiamycine était l’antimicrobien le plus fréquemment ajouté à la moulée tant chez les poulets que chez les dindons. Tous les troupeaux de poulets et un tiers des troupeaux de dindes ont démontré la présence d’au moins un isolat de E.
2.Evaluation of Selected Nutrients and Contaminants in Distillers Grains from Ethanol Production in Texas.
Lee KM1, Herrman TJ2. J Food Prot. 2015 Oct;78(10):1861-9. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-15-157.
This study evaluated distillers grain (DG) by-products produced in different ethanol plants and supplemented in animal diets in Texas, based on samples analyzed from 2008 to 2014. The samples were assessed for concentration, occurrence, and prevalence of selected nutrients and contaminants. Protein and sulfur contents of DG were largely different between corn and sorghum by-products as well as wet distillers grain with solubles and dry distillers grain with solubles (DDGS), indicating a significant effect of grain feedstock and dry-grind process stream on DG composition and quality. Salmonella was isolated in 4 DDGS samples out of a total of 157 DG samples, a percentage (2.5%) that is much lower than the percentage of Salmonella-positive samples found in other feed samples analyzed during the same period. A small amount of virginiamycin residue was found in 24 corn DDGS, 1 corn wet distillers grain with solubles, and 2 sorghum DDGS samples out of 242 samples in total.
3.The effect of dietary fructooligosaccharide supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and immune responses in broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides.
Shang Y1, Regassa A1, Kim JH2, Kim WK3. Poult Sci. 2015 Dec;94(12):2887-97. doi: 10.3382/ps/pev275. Epub 2015 Oct 13.
This study was conducted to examine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation on growth performance, lymphoid organ weight, intestinal morphology, and immunological status in broilers (n=180) challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Birds were randomly assigned into a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections: 2 mg/kg Salmonella Enteritidis LPS or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on d 21. Growth performance and relative lymphoid organ weight were not significantly different among the treatments. Villus height, crypt depth, and total mucosa thickness were significantly increased (P<0.05) in the ileum of broiler chickens fed NC+FOS when compared to PC and NC.
4.Mechanism of action of a novel recombinant peptide, MP1102, against Clostridium perfringens type C.
Zong L1,2, Teng D3,4, Wang X1,2, Mao R1,2, Yang N1,2, Hao Y1,2, Wang J5,6. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2016 Feb 27. [Epub ahead of print]
This work is the first to report the antibacterial characteristics and antibacterial mechanisms of MP1102, which is a variant of NZ2114, against pathogenic Clostridium perfringens. MP1102 exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against C. perfringens strains CVCC 61, CVCC 1163, and CVCC 2032 at a low minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.91 μM. MP1102 showed anti-C. perfringens activity over a wide pH range of 2.0 and 10.0, high thermal stability from 20 to 80 °C, and remarkable resistance to pepsin. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) indicated an additive or synergic effect between MP1102 and bacitracin zinc, nisin, vancomycin, virginiamycin, aureomycin, and ampicillin against C. perfringens (FICI = 0.3125-1.0). To further elucidate the antibacterial mechanism of MP1102, its effect on the C. perfringens CVCC 61 cell membrane and intracellular DNA was studied. Flow cytometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that MP1102 treatment resulted in the release of cellular contents by damaging the membrane.
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Bio Calculators
* Our calculator is based on the following equation:
Concentration (start) x Volume (start) = Concentration (final) x Volume (final)
It is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2
* Total Molecular Weight:
g/mol
Tip: Chemical formula is case sensitive. C22H30N4O √ c22h30n40 ╳
