Glycyl-L-aspartic acid

An aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, short rod-shaped, non-motile and non-sporulating bacterium, designed strain 8-1b(T), was isolated from seaweed collected from the intertidal zone of Zhoushan sea area, East China Sea. Strain 8-1b(T) grew at 4-39 °C (optimum, 28-32 °C) and at pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum, 7.0-8.5), and with 0.5-8% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1-3%) and 0.5-10% (w/v) sea salts (optimum, 2-3%). Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 8-1b(T) was related closely to Aequorivita capsosiphonis JCM 15070(T) (96.7% similarity). The DNA G+C content of strain 8-1b(T) was 36.6 mol%. Compared with reference strains, cells of strain 8-1b(T) showed positive activities for H₂S production and utilization of D-mannose, DL-lactic acid, L-asparagine and glycyl L-aspartic acid. The major fatty acids of strain 8-1b(T) were iso-C(15:0), iso-C(17:0) 3-OH, iso-C(15:1) G and iso-C(17:1)ω9c. The main respiratory quinone was menaquinone 6. The polar lipids of strain 8-1b(T) consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), three uncharacterized aminolipids (AL1-3), four uncharacterized glycolipids (GL1-4) and five uncharacterized lipids (L1-5). Based on the phenotypic and genotypic characterization, strain 8-1b(T) represents a novel species of the genus Aequorivita, for which the name Aequorivita viscosa sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain 8-1b(T) ( =CGMCC 1.11023(T) = JCM 18497(T)). Emended descriptions of Aequorivita antarctica and Aequorivita capsosiphonis are also presented.

The optimal scaffold should have the self-organising property of activating the appropriate tissues surrounding the re-population. The anti-bacterial property of the coating was obtained through surface pre-treatment with coatings a few nanometres in thickness deposited using vapour-based methods. The coating's anti-thrombogenic properties were obtained by the selective mobilisation of cellular functions, which was controlled by the structure of porous coatings deposited on bulk substrates and by the small biological agent-L-arginyl-glycyl-L-aspartic acid (tripeptide Arg-Gly-Asp-RGD) protein domains. Two tests simulating arterial flow conditions were performed: Impact-R, for examining platelet function under near physiological conditions, and radial flow chamber, a cell detachment test that gives an overview of cell behaviour and shear stresses that could appear between the cell and the biomaterial. Cell structures were analysed using laser scanning confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. The performed in vitro dynamic test for the haemo-compatibility revealed the most promising surface functionalization was based on porous extracellular-like structure covered with endothelium cells simultaneously. The antibacterial function was achieved by the appropriate phase composition of the coating used for the pre-treatment stage. The coating for the pre-treatment was selected on the basis of the blood-material and bacteria-material interaction.

Magnetic particle tagging techniques are currently being applied to tissue engineering applications such as controlled differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). In order to define key mechanotransducers underpinning these applications, the electrophysiological responses of human MSCs (hMSC) have been investigated. Ferromagnetic microparticles were coated with L-arginyl-glycyl-L-aspartic acid in order to target the application of dynamic force (6 pN) directly to cell surface integrins. Human MSCs demonstrated cell membrane hyperpolarization responses after the application of force, mediated by BK channels and intracellular calcium release.