Oleficin

The effects of oleficin, a polyene antibiotic of the nonmacrolide type, on isolated rat liver mitochondria were studied. Oleficin at a concentration of about 10 nmoles/mg protein increases both the rate of state 4 respiration and the "basal" ATPase activity of mitochondria. In contrast to this it inhibits the rate of both state 3 and uncoupled respiration and the DNP-stimulated ATPase activity. These inhibitions can be prevented by low concentrations (2 approximately 5 mM) of magnesium ions. Oleficin induces a high amplitude swelling of non-respiring mitochondria in the isoosmotic nitrate and chloride solutions of K+, Na+, Tris+, Tea+ or Mg2+. In contrast to that it does not induce swelling of mitochondria treated with ruthenium red in isoosmotic calcium acetate. Indirect evidence suggests that oleficin increases also the proton permeability of the inner membrane. The swelling observed in the isoosmotic solutions of monovalent cations can be prevented by low concentration (2 approximately 5 mM) of Mg2+. In the presence of the antibiotic Mg2+ and Ca2+ but not K+ and Na+, are transferred from an aqueous phase into a butanol-toluene bulk phase. Oleficin depletes Mg2+ and Ca2+ from mitochondria in a concentration dependent manner. Complete depletion of Mg2+ occurs only in the presence of EDTA, while that of Ca2+ does not need the chelator. It is concluded that the effects of oleficin on mitochondrial functions can be explained on the basis of an increase of the inner membrane permeability as the consequence of the depletion of Mg2+ from mitochondria caused by the antibiotic.

The non-macrolid polyene antibiotic oleficin, which has been shown to function as an ionophore of Mg2+ in isolated rat liver mitochondria, preferentially inhibited growth of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae on non-fermentable substrates. It uncoupled and inhibited respiration of intact cells and converted both growing and resting cells into respiration-deficient mutants. The mutants arose as a result of fragmentation of the mitochondrial genome. Another antibiotic known to be an ionophore of divalent cations, A23187, also selectively inhibited growth of the yeast on non-fermentable substrates, but did not produce the respiration-deficient mutants, neither antibiotic inhibited the energy-dependent uptake of divalent cations by yeast cells nor opened the plasma membrane for these cations. The results indicate that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae both oleficin and A23187 preferentially affected the mitochondrial membrane without acting as ionophores in the plasma membrane.