T2 Toxin Triol
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| Category | Mycotoxins |
| Catalog number | BBF-04012 |
| CAS | 97373-21-2 |
| Molecular Weight | 382.45 |
| Molecular Formula | C20H30O7 |
| Purity | ≥95% |
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Description
The 100 ppm acetonitrile solution of T2 Triol toxin, a kind of type-A trichothecene mycotoxin, could be used as standard solution.
Specification
| Related CAS | 34114-98-2 |
| Synonyms | Scirpentriol; T-2 triol; Trichothec-9-ene-3-α,4-β,8-α,15-tetrol, 12,13-epoxy-, 8-isovalerate; T2 Triol Toxin; Toxin T-2 triol; Deacetyl-HT-2 toxin; 12,13-Epoxytrichothec-9-ene-3-alpha,4-beta,8-alpha,15-tetrol 8-isovalerate; Trichothec-9-ene-3,4,8,15-tetrol, 12,13-epoxy-, 8-(3-methylbutanoate), (3alpha,4beta,8alpha)- |
| Storage | Store at -20°C |
| IUPAC Name | [(1S,2R,4S,7R,9R,10R,11S,12S)-10,11-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,5-dimethylspiro[8-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.02,7]dodec-5-ene-12,2'-oxirane]-4-yl] 3-methylbutanoate |
| Canonical SMILES | CC1=CC2C(CC1OC(=O)CC(C)C)(C3(C(C(C(C34CO4)O2)O)O)C)CO |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C20H30O7/c1-10(2)5-14(22)26-12-7-19(8-21)13(6-11(12)3)27-17-15(23)16(24)18(19,4)20(17)9-25-20/h6,10,12-13,15-17,21,23-24H,5,7-9H2,1-4H3/t12-,13+,15+,16+,17+,18+,19+,20-/m0/s1 |
| InChI Key | DDAUKBBLCGQHIP-CAVDVMKYSA-N |
Properties
| Appearance | White Powder |
| Boiling Point | 527.1±50.0°C at 760 mmHg |
| Density | 1.32±0.1 g/cm3 |
| Solubility | Soluble in Dichloromethane, DMSO, Methanol, Water (Slightly) |
Reference Reading
1. Metabolic pathways of T-2 toxin
Vlastimil Dohnal, Daniel Jun, Kamil Kuca, Alena Jezkova Curr Drug Metab . 2008 Jan;9(1):77-82. doi: 10.2174/138920008783331176.
Among the naturally-occurring trichothecenes found in food and feed, T-2 toxin is the most potent and toxic mycotoxin. After ingestion of T-2 toxin into the organism, it is processed and eliminated. Some metabolites of this trichothecene are equally toxic or slightly more toxic than T-2 itself, and therefore, the metabolic fate of T-2 toxin has been of great concern. The main reactions in trichothecene metabolism are hydrolysis, hydroxylation and deep oxidation. Typical metabolites of T-2 toxin in an organism are HT-2 toxin, T-2-triol, T-2-tetraol, 3'-hydroxy-T-2, and 3'-hydroxy-HT-2 toxin. There are significant differences in the metabolic pathways of T-2 toxin between ruminants and non-ruminants. Ruminants have been more resistant to the adverse effects of T-2 toxin due to microbial degradation within rumen microorganisms. Some plant species are resistant to T-2 toxin, while others are capable of its intake and metabolisation.
2. Fusarium mycotoxin content of UK organic and conventional oats
S G Edwards Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess . 2009 Jul;26(7):1063-9. doi: 10.1080/02652030902788953.
Every year between 2002 and 2005 approximately 100 samples of oats from fields of known agronomy were analysed by GC/MS for 10 trichothecenes: deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol, 3-acetylDON, 15-acetylDON, fusarenone X, T-2 toxin (T2), HT-2 toxin (HT2), diacetoxyscirpenol, neosolaniol and T-2 triol. Samples were also analysed for moniliformin and zearalenone by HPLC. Of the 10 trichothecenes analysed from 458 harvest samples of oat only three, 15-acetylDON, fusarenone X and diacetoxyscirpenol, were not detected. Moniliformin and zearalenone were absent or rarely detected, respectively. HT2 and T2 were the most frequently detected fusarium mycotoxins, present above the limit of quantification (10 microg kg(-1)) in 92 and 84% of samples, respectively, and were usually present at the highest concentrations. The combined mean and median for HT2 and T2 (HT2 + T2) was 570 and 213 microg kg(-1), respectively. There were good correlations between concentrations of HT2 and all other type A trichothecenes detected (T2, T2 triol and neosolaniol). Year and region had a significant effect on HT2 + T2 concentration. There was also a highly significant difference between HT2 + T2 content in organic and conventional samples, with the predicted mean for organic samples five times lower than that of conventional samples. This is the largest difference reported for any mycotoxin level in organic and conventional cereals. No samples exceeded the legal limits for DON or zearalenone in oats intended for human consumption. Legislative limits for HT2 and T2 are currently under consideration by the European Commission. Depending on the limits set for unprocessed oats intended for human consumption, the levels detected here could have serious consequences for the UK oat-processing industry.
3. T-2 Toxin-3α-glucoside in Broiler Chickens: Toxicokinetics, Absolute Oral Bioavailability, and in Vivo Hydrolysis
Marthe De Boevre, Nathan Broekaert, Sarah De Saeger, Siska Croubels, Mathias Devreese J Agric Food Chem . 2017 Jun 14;65(23):4797-4803. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00698.
Due to the lack of information on bioavailability and toxicity of modified mycotoxins, current risk assessment on these modified forms assumes an identical toxicity of the modified form to their respective unmodified counterparts. Crossover animal trials were performed with intravenous and oral administration of T-2 toxin (T-2) and T-2 toxin-3α-glucoside (T2-G) to broiler chickens. Plasma concentrations of T2-G, T-2, and main phase I metabolites were quantified using a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method with a limit of quantitation for all compounds of 0.1 ng/mL. Resulting plasma concentration-time profiles were processed via two-compartmental toxicokinetic models. No T-2 triol and only traces of HT-2 were detected in the plasma samples after both intravenous and oral administration. The results indicate that T-2 has a low absolute oral bioavailability of 2.17 ± 1.80%. For T2-G, an absorbed fraction of the dose and absolute oral bioavailability of 10.4 ± 8.7% and 10.1 ± 8.5% were observed, respectively. This slight difference is caused by a minimal (and neglectable) presystemic hydrolysis of T2-G to T-2, that is, 3.49 ± 1.19%. Although low, the absorbed fraction of T2-G is 5 times higher than that of T-2. These differences in toxicokinetics parameters between T-2 and T2-G clearly indicate the flaw in assuming equal bioavailability and/or toxicity of modified and free mycotoxins in current risk assessments.
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Bio Calculators
* Our calculator is based on the following equation:
Concentration (start) x Volume (start) = Concentration (final) x Volume (final)
It is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2
* Total Molecular Weight:
g/mol
Tip: Chemical formula is case sensitive. C22H30N4O √ c22h30n40 ╳
