Drosophilin D
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| Category | Antibiotics |
| Catalog number | BBF-01176 |
| CAS | 506-01-4 |
| Molecular Weight | 172.18 |
| Molecular Formula | C11H8O2 |
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Description
It is produced by the strain of Drosophila subatrata. It is mainly anti-gram-positive bacterial activity.
Specification
| Synonyms | 3Z,9,10-undecatriene-5,7-diynoic acid; Undeca-3c,9,10-trien-5,7-diinsaeure; cis-Undeca-3,9,10-trien-5,7-diinsaeure |
| IUPAC Name | (Z)-undeca-3,9,10-trien-5,7-diynoic acid |
| Canonical SMILES | C=C=CC#CC#CC=CCC(=O)O |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C11H8O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11(12)13/h3,8-9H,1,10H2,(H,12,13)/b9-8- |
| InChI Key | WLBLOEHLZMSYSA-HJWRWDBZSA-N |
Properties
| Antibiotic Activity Spectrum | Gram-positive bacteria |
| Solubility | Soluble in Ethanol |
Reference Reading
1. Copy number changes in co-expressed odorant receptor genes enable selection for sensory differences in drosophilid species
Thomas O Auer, Raquel Álvarez-Ocaña, Steeve Cruchet, Richard Benton, J Roman Arguello Nat Ecol Evol. 2022 Sep;6(9):1343-1353. doi: 10.1038/s41559-022-01830-y. Epub 2022 Jul 21.
Despite numerous examples of chemoreceptor gene family expansions and contractions, how these relate to modifications in the sensory neuron populations in which they are expressed remains unclear. Drosophila melanogaster's odorant receptor (Or) family is ideal for addressing this question because most Ors are expressed in distinct olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) types. Between-species changes in Or copy number may therefore indicate increases or reductions in the number of OSN populations. Here we investigated the Or67a subfamily, which exhibits copy number variation in D. melanogaster and its closest relatives: D. simulans, D. sechellia and D. mauritiana. These species' common ancestor had three Or67a paralogues that had already diverged adaptively. Following speciation, two Or67a paralogues were lost independently in D. melanogaster and D. sechellia, with ongoing positive selection shaping the intact genes. Unexpectedly, the functionally diverged Or67a paralogues in D. simulans are co-expressed in a single neuron population, which projects to a glomerulus homologous to that innervated by Or67a neurons in D. melanogaster. Thus, while sensory pathway neuroanatomy is conserved, independent selection on co-expressed receptors has contributed to species-specific peripheral coding. This work reveals a type of adaptive change largely overlooked for olfactory evolution, raising the possibility that similar processes influence other cases of insect Or co-expression.
2. Highly contiguous assemblies of 101 drosophilid genomes
Bernard Y Kim, Jeremy R Wang, Danny E Miller, et al. Elife. 2021 Jul 19;10:e66405. doi: 10.7554/eLife.66405.
Over 100 years of studies in Drosophila melanogaster and related species in the genus Drosophila have facilitated key discoveries in genetics, genomics, and evolution. While high-quality genome assemblies exist for several species in this group, they only encompass a small fraction of the genus. Recent advances in long-read sequencing allow high-quality genome assemblies for tens or even hundreds of species to be efficiently generated. Here, we utilize Oxford Nanopore sequencing to build an open community resource of genome assemblies for 101 lines of 93 drosophilid species encompassing 14 species groups and 35 sub-groups. The genomes are highly contiguous and complete, with an average contig N50 of 10.5 Mb and greater than 97% BUSCO completeness in 97/101 assemblies. We show that Nanopore-based assemblies are highly accurate in coding regions, particularly with respect to coding insertions and deletions. These assemblies, along with a detailed laboratory protocol and assembly pipelines, are released as a public resource and will serve as a starting point for addressing broad questions of genetics, ecology, and evolution at the scale of hundreds of species.
3. Hematopoietic plasticity mapped in Drosophila and other insects
Dan Hultmark, István Andó Elife. 2022 Aug 3;11:e78906. doi: 10.7554/eLife.78906.
Hemocytes, similar to vertebrate blood cells, play important roles in insect development and immunity, but it is not well understood how they perform their tasks. New technology, in particular single-cell transcriptomic analysis in combination with Drosophila genetics, may now change this picture. This review aims to make sense of recently published data, focusing on Drosophila melanogaster and comparing to data from other drosophilids, the malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, and the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Basically, the new data support the presence of a few major classes of hemocytes: (1) a highly heterogenous and plastic class of professional phagocytes with many functions, called plasmatocytes in Drosophila and granular cells in other insects. (2) A conserved class of cells that control melanin deposition around parasites and wounds, called crystal cells in D. melanogaster, and oenocytoids in other insects. (3) A new class of cells, the primocytes, so far only identified in D. melanogaster. They are related to cells of the so-called posterior signaling center of the larval hematopoietic organ, which controls the hematopoiesis of other hemocytes. (4) Different kinds of specialized cells, like the lamellocytes in D. melanogaster, for the encapsulation of parasites. These cells undergo rapid evolution, and the homology relationships between such cells in different insects are uncertain. Lists of genes expressed in the different hemocyte classes now provide a solid ground for further investigation of function.
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Bio Calculators
* Our calculator is based on the following equation:
Concentration (start) x Volume (start) = Concentration (final) x Volume (final)
It is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2
* Total Molecular Weight:
g/mol
Tip: Chemical formula is case sensitive. C22H30N4O √ c22h30n40 ╳
