Pneumocandin B2
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| Category | Antibiotics |
| Catalog number | BBF-02039 |
| CAS | |
| Molecular Weight | 1033.21 |
| Molecular Formula | C50H80N8O15 |
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Description
Pneumocandin B2 is a lipopeptide antibiotic produced by Zalerion arboricola. It has a strong anti-Candida effect. It has the effect of inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3 early-glucan in vitro, with an IC50 of 0.07-0.5 μg/mL.
Specification
| Synonyms | 10,12-Dimethyl-tetradecanoic acid [3-(2-carbamoyl-1-hydroxy-ethyl)-6-[1,2-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-11,25-dihydroxy-15-(1-hydroxy-ethyl)-2,5,8,14,17,23-hexaoxo-1,4,7,13,16,22-hexaaza-tricyclo[22.3.0.0~9,13~]heptacos-18-yl]-amide |
| IUPAC Name | N-[(3S,6S,9S,11R,15S,24S,25S)-3-[(1R)-3-amino-1-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl]-6-[(2R)-1,2-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-11,25-dihydroxy-15-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2,5,8,14,17,23-hexaoxo-1,4,7,13,16,22-hexazatricyclo[22.3.0.09,13]heptacosan-18-yl]-10,12-dimethyltetradecanamide |
| Canonical SMILES | CCC(C)CC(C)CCCCCCCCC(=O)NC1CCCNC(=O)C2C(CCN2C(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C3CC(CN3C(=O)C(NC1=O)C(C)O)O)C(C(C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)O)C(CC(=O)N)O)O |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C50H80N8O15/c1-5-27(2)23-28(3)13-10-8-6-7-9-11-15-38(65)53-33-14-12-21-52-48(71)42-35(62)20-22-57(42)50(73)40(36(63)25-37(51)64)55-47(70)41(44(67)43(66)30-16-18-31(60)19-17-30)56-46(69)34-24-32(61)26-58(34)49(72)39(29(4)59)54-45(33)68/h16-19,27-29,32-36,39-44,59-63,66-67H,5-15,20-26H2,1-4H3,(H2,51,64)(H,52,71)(H,53,65)(H,54,68)(H,55,70)(H,56,69)/t27?,28?,29-,32-,33?,34+,35+,36-,39+,40+,41+,42+,43-,44?/m1/s1 |
| InChI Key | CAUDURDUCQQHDE-UVQGGVJESA-N |
Properties
| Antibiotic Activity Spectrum | fungi |
| Boiling Point | 1401.7±65.0°C at 760 mmHg |
| Density | 1.4±0.1 g/cm3 |
Reference Reading
1. Antifungal activity against planktonic and biofilm Candida albicans in an experimental model of foreign-body infection
Elena Maryka Maiolo, Alessandra Oliva, Ulrika Furustrand Tafin, Nancy Perrotet, Olivier Borens, Andrej Trampuz J Infect. 2016 Mar;72(3):386-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2015.12.008. Epub 2015 Dec 24.
Objectives: The treatment of Candida implant-associated infections remains challenging. We investigated the antifungal activity against planktonic and biofilm Candida albicans in a foreign-body infection model. Methods: Teflon cages were subcutaneously implanted in guinea pigs, infected with C. albicans (ATCC 90028). Animals were treated intraperitoneally 12 h after infection for 4 days once daily with saline, fluconazole (16 mg/kg), amphotericin B (2.5 mg/kg), caspofungin (2.5 mg/kg) or anidulafungin (20 mg/kg). Planktonic Candida was quantified, the clearance rate and cure rate determined. Results: In untreated animals, planktonic Candida was cleared from cage fluid in 25% (infected with 4.5 × 10(3) CFU/cage), 8% (infected with 4.8 × 10(4) CFU/cage) and 0% (infected with 6.2 × 10(5) CFU/cage). Candida biofilm persisted on all explanted cages. Compared to untreated controls, caspofungin reduced the number of planktonic C. albicans to 0.22 and 0.0 CFU/ml, respectively, and anidulafungin to 0.11 and 0.13 CFU/ml, respectively. Fluconazole cured 2/12 cages (17%), amphotericin B and anidulafungin 1/12 cages (8%) and caspofungin 3/12 cages (25%). Conclusion: Echinocandins showed superior activity against planktonic C. albicans. Caspofungin showed the highest cure rate of C. albicans biofilm. However, no antifungal exceeded 25% cure rate, demonstrating the difficulty of eradicating Candida biofilms from implants.
2. A multicentre study of antifungal susceptibility patterns among 350 Candida auris isolates (2009-17) in India: role of the ERG11 and FKS1 genes in azole and echinocandin resistance
Anuradha Chowdhary, Anupam Prakash, Cheshta Sharma, Milena Kordalewska, Anil Kumar, Smita Sarma, Bansidhar Tarai, Ashutosh Singh, Gargi Upadhyaya, Shalini Upadhyay, Priyanka Yadav, Pradeep K Singh, Vikas Khillan, Neelam Sachdeva, David S Perlin, Jacques F Meis J Antimicrob Chemother. 2018 Apr 1;73(4):891-899. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkx480.
Background: Candida auris has emerged globally as an MDR nosocomial pathogen in ICU patients. Objectives: We studied the antifungal susceptibility of C. auris isolates (n = 350) from 10 hospitals in India collected over a period of 8 years. To investigate azole resistance, ERG11 gene sequencing and expression profiling was conducted. In addition, echinocandin resistance linked to mutations in the C. auris FKS1 gene was analysed. Methods: CLSI antifungal susceptibility testing of six azoles, amphotericin B, three echinocandins, terbinafine, 5-flucytosine and nystatin was conducted. Screening for amino acid substitutions in ERG11 and FKS1 was performed. Results: Overall, 90% of C. auris were fluconazole resistant (MICs 32 to ≥64 mg/L) and 2% and 8% were resistant to echinocandins (≥8 mg/L) and amphotericin B (≥2 mg/L), respectively. ERG11 sequences of C. auris exhibited amino acid substitutions Y132 and K143 in 77% (n = 34/44) of strains that were fluconazole resistant whereas WT genotypes, i.e. without substitutions at these positions, were observed in isolates with low fluconazole MICs (1-2 mg/L) suggesting that these substitutions confer a phenotype of resistance to fluconazole similar to that described for Candida albicans. No significant expression of ERG11 was observed, although expression was inducible in vitro with fluconazole exposure. Echinocandin resistance was linked to a novel mutation S639F in FKS1 hot spot region I. Conclusions: Overall, 25% and 13% of isolates were MDR and multi-azole resistant, respectively. The most common resistance combination was azoles and 5-flucytosine in 14% followed by azoles and amphotericin B in 7% and azoles and echinocandins in 2% of isolates.
3. Investigation of the in vitro antifungal and antibiofilm activities of ceragenins CSA-8, CSA-13, CSA-44, CSA-131, and CSA-138 against Candida species
Cagla Bozkurt-Guzel, Mayram Hacioglu, Paul B Savage Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2018 Aug;91(4):324-330. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.03.014. Epub 2018 Mar 28.
Cationic steroid antimicrobials (CSA-ceragenin) are a new class of antimicrobial agent. In vitro activities of CSA-8, CSA-13, CSA-44, CSA-131, and CSA-138 and amphotericin B (AMP-B) were assessed against 50 nonrepeat Candida spp. isolates MICs, MFCs and combination studies were determined. Antibiofilm activities of CSAs, AMP-B, 2 azoles, and 2 echinocandins against Candida albicans were performed. Also, effects of coating the wells of plate with selected CSAs and antifungals were measured. The MIC50 (μg/mL) values of CSA-8, CSA-13, CSA-44, CSA-131, CSA-138, and AMP-B were 16, 1, 2, 1, 1, and 1, respectively. The MFCs were equal to or 2-fold greater than those of the MICs. Synergistic interactions were mostly seen with CSA-13+ AMP-B combination, whereas the least synergistic interactions were observed with the CSA-131+ AMP-B combination. CSAs inhibited the attachment of Candida biofilms. The studied CSAs and antifungals inhibited C. albicans biofilm formation. In conclusion, CSA-13, CSA-131, and CSA-138 appear to be good candidates (alone or in combination) in the treatment of Candida infections as well as biofilm-related ones.
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Bio Calculators
* Our calculator is based on the following equation:
Concentration (start) x Volume (start) = Concentration (final) x Volume (final)
It is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2
* Total Molecular Weight:
g/mol
Tip: Chemical formula is case sensitive. C22H30N4O √ c22h30n40 ╳
