Others

4-Bromo-calcimycin, a halogenated analog of A-2318, is a non-fluorescent Ca2+ ionophore which could be commonly used in fluorescent probes experiments as a modutor of the quantitation of free Ca2+. Nonfluorescent calcium ionophore used as a calibration standard for determining cytoplasmic calcium ions by fluorescent probes.

Acetamide is the simplest amide derived from acetic acid. It finds some use as a plasticizer and as an industrial solvent. Acetamide (2.88 g/kg/d) can reduce central nervous lesions, but the efficacy is not improved after increasing the dose.

2-hydroxy lauric acid is a naturally occuring hydroxylated fatty acid that is found in Acinetobacter species.

BML-190 is a selective cannabinoid CB2 receptor inverse agonist with Ki of 435 nM, with 50-fold selectivity over CB1 receptor.

(+)-Aeroplysinin-1 is a metabolite originally isolated from the marine sponge V. aerophoba with diverse biological activity. It is a tertiary alcohol.

It is the shortest and most polar alkyl homologue of a family of mediators of cell to cell interactions in bacterial biofilms. It can cause carbapenem formation in Erwinia carotovora.

Δ2-Avermectin B1a is a degradation product produced by the reversible base-catalyzed isomerization of ivermectin B1a. It is less active than ivermectin against T. urticae (LC90s = 0.23 and 0.038 ppm, respectively).

A benzodiazepine metabolite produced by a number of species of penicillium.

It is a diketopiperazine formed by the fusion of δ-alanine and valine and is a secondary metabolite of fungi and bacteria. It can activate N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) and can also activate or antagonize other LuxR-based quorum-sensing systems.

It is a naturally-occurring co-metabolite of chloramphenicol in streptomyces venezuelae with albeit significantly lower potency. It is the major product of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase.

It is a minor, more hydrophobic co-metabolite of violacein, a useful bacterial pigment.

It is confirmed to be an active quorum sensing modulator first recognised in sinorhizobium meliloti. It is detected in hundreds of bacterial species.

It is a base-catalysed intermediate in the decomposition of doramectin. It is formed by epimerisation at the 2-position which ultimately rearranges irreversibly to the isomeric alkene analogue.

An irreversible base degradation product of doramectin found in animals treated with doramectin and in the environment. It is formed by rearrangement of the naturally occurring 3-group in doramectin to the 2-position. It is an anthelmintic in animal health.

It is an acid degradation product produced by hydrolysis of both saccharide groups of 3-ethoxy-5,6-dihydrospinosyn J, the major component of the commercial insecticide, spinetoram. It has only weak activity as an insecticide and the saccharides are considered essential for potent activity. It is commonly used as an insecticide for agricultural chemicals.

It is an ornate linear fatty acid with an acyl tetronic acid terminus and glycosidic alkyl terminus. It is originally isolated from epicoccum purpurascens. It is non-cytotoxic, unlike the weak activity shown by related analogues Epicoccamides B, C and D.

It is a semi-synthetic 4''-epimethylamino analogue of avermectin B1a prepared by oxidation of the 4''-hydroxy moiety and reductive amination. It has strong insecticidal efficacy.

It is a semi-synthetic 4-epimethylamino analogue of avermectin B1b. It is prepared by oxidation of the 4-hydroxy moiety and reductive amination. It has strong insecticidal efficacy.

It is a semi-synthetic 4''-epimethylamino analogue of avermectin B1b prepared by oxidation of the 4''-hydroxy moiety and reductive amination. Members of the Avermectin/Milbemycin class exert their insecticidal/anthelmintic effects by binding to glutamate-gated chloride channels expressed on nematode neurones and pharyngeal muscle cells.

It is a semi-synthetic analogue of avermectin B1b prepared by oxidation of the 4''-hydroxy moiety and reductive amination followed by acetylation. It is the minor component (<10%) of the commercial product for endo- and exo-parasite control, eprinomectin. It is a potent insecticide and acaricide.