Mycotoxins

PM-Toxin A is a toxin produced by Phyllosticta maydis.

PM-Toxin B is a toxin produced by Phyllosticta maydis.

PM-Toxin C is a toxin produced by Phyllosticta maydis.

PM-Toxin D is a toxin produced by Phyllosticta maydis.

Tubulysin B is a cytotoxic agent, used as the cytotoxic component in antibody-drug conjugates. It also has anti-fungal properties.

Strobilurin G is an antibiotic produced by Bolina lutea Sacc. It has strong anti-fungal activity, and its in vitro anti-tumor proliferation IC50 is 0.01 µmol/L.

A83586C is an ester peptide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces karnatakensis. It has strong anti-Gram-positive bacteria activity, and the MIC of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus is 0.008-0.06 μg/mL. The IC50 for human T-cell leukemia CCRF-CEM cells is 0.0135 μg/mL.

Butenolide is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium equisett, F. graminearum and F. tricinctum. It has anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and skin irritation effects. Prolonged exposure can cause skin necrosis.

Ekoenifelden is a bis-heptanol (Bistropolone) compound produced by Eupenicillum brefeldianum. It is cytotoxic to HCT-116 cell line (IC50 = 0.005 μg/mL), and has anti-tumor effect on P388 leukemia model.

RK-397 is a macrolide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces sp. 87-397. It is cytotoxic against human leukemia HL-60 and K-562 cells at a concentration of 50 µg/mL. It induces bleb-formation on K-562 cells at the concentrations over 0.05 µg/mL.

MT 81 is a plant toxin that comes from Penicillum nigricans. It has anti-Gram-positive bacteria activity.

Roseoferin A1 is an aminolipopeptide antibiotic produced by Mycogone rosea DSM 12973. It has strong anti-Gram-positive bacteria, Mycobacterium, Candida albicans, yeast and Penicillium activity, with MIC of 0.36-6.25 μg/mL. Cytotoxicity.

Roseoferin C2 is an aminolipopeptide antibiotic produced by Mycogone rosea DSM 12973. It has strong anti-Gram-positive bacteria, Mycobacterium, Candida albicans, yeast and Penicillium activity, with MIC of 0.36-6.25 μg/mL. Cytotoxicity.

(−)-Viriditoxin is a mycotoxin originally isolated from A. viridinutans. Exhibits broad activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Bacterial cell division protein FtsZ inhibitor (IC50=8.2µg/ml). Inhibits the GTPase activity of FtsZ in vitro (IC50 = 7.0 µg/ml). Induces apoptosis and autophagy and inhibits cell growth at G2/M in human prostate cancer cells. Activates ATP hydrolysis and induces calcium sensitized swelling of rat liver mitochondria.

Destruxin A, a sort of cyclic hexadepsipeptide mycotoxin, could be obtained from entomopathogenic fungi and has been found to exhibit activities in restraining leukemic cell proliferation and insect immune response at some extent.

Moniliformin, a kind of water-soluble mycotoxin, could be obtained from sorts of Fusarium and has been found to exhibit toxicity to splenocytes, cardiac and skeletal myocytes.

Bithionol is a clinically approved anti-parasitic drug. It has been shown to inhibit solid tumor growth in several preclinical cancer models. It caused dose-dependent cytotoxicity against all ovarian cancer cell lines.

Paraoxamide A is a mycotoxin derived from the fungus Penicillium. Paraherquamide A is a selective, competitive, cholinergic antagonist that distinguishes subtypes of cholinergic receptors. The structure of parherquamide, a toxic metabolite from Penicillium paraherquei.

Altertoxin I, a sort of natural mycotoxin, could be obtained from Alternaria fungi and has been found to restrain human topoisomerase II as well as bacterial gyrase. Altertoxin I (and other altertoxins) inhibit the HIV replication.

A metabolite derived from streptomycin; a leading cause of ototoxicity caused by streptomycin.